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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql千万级数据大表该如何优化?

如何设计或优化千万级别的大表?此外无其他信息,个人觉得这个话题有点范,就只好简单说下该如何做,对于一个存储设计,必须考虑业务特点,收集的信息如下

1.数据的容量:1-3年内会大概多少条数据,每条数据大概多少字节;

2.数据项:是否有大字段,那些字段的值是否经常被更新;
3.数据查询SQL条件:哪些数据项的列名称经常出现在WHERE、GROUP BY、ORDER BY子句中等;
4.数据更新类SQL条件:有多少列经常出现UPDATE或DELETE 的WHERE子句中;
5.SQL量的统计比,如:SELECT:UPDATE+DELETE:INSERT=多少?

6.预计大表及相关联的SQL,每天总的执行量在何数量级?
7.表中的数据:更新为主的业务 还是 查询为主的业务
8.打算采用什么数据库物理服务器,以及数据库服务器架构?
9.并发如何?
10.存储引擎选择InnoDB还是MyISAM?

大致明白以上10个问题,至于如何设计此类的大表,应该什么都清楚了!

至于优化若是指创建好的表,不能变动表结构的话,那建议InnoDB引擎,多利用点内存,减轻磁盘IO负载,因为IO往往是数据库服务器的瓶颈

另外对优化索引结构去解决性能问题的话,建议优先考虑修改类SQL语句,使他们更快些,不得已只靠索引组织结构的方式,当然此话前提是,
索引已经创建的非常好,若是读为主,可以考虑打开query_cache,

以及调整一些参数值:sort_buffer_size,read_buffer_size,read_rnd_buffer_size,join_buffer_size

其他人建议:

1. 索引, 避免扫描,基于主键的查找,上亿数据也是很快的;
2. 反范式化设计,以空间换时间,避免join,有些join操作可以在用代码实现,没必要用数据库来实现;
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