search
HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql下普通索引和唯一索引的效率对比

昨天有位同事说,他的网页查询过程中发现普通索引和唯一索引的效率是有差别的,普通索引比唯一索引快

今天在我的虚拟机中布置了环境,测试抓图如下:

抓的这几个都是第一次执行的,刷了几次后,取平均值,效率大致相同,而且如果在一个列上同时建唯一索引和普通索引的话,mysql会自动选择唯一索引。

谷歌一下:

唯一索引和普通索引使用的结构都是B-tree,执行时间复杂度都是O(log n)。

补充下概念:

1、普通索引

  普通索引(由关键字KEY或INDEX定义的索引)的唯一任务是加快对数据的访问速度。因此,应该只为那些最经常出现在查询条件(WHEREcolumn=)或排序条件(ORDERBYcolumn)中的数据列创建索引。只要有可能,就应该选择一个数据最整齐、最紧凑的数据列(如一个整数类型的数据列)来创建索引。

2、唯一索引

  普通索引允许被索引的数据列包含重复的值。比如说,因为人有可能同名,所以同一个姓名在同一个“员工个人资料”数据表里可能出现两次或更多次。

如果能确定某个数据列将只包含彼此各不相同的值,在为这个数据列创建索引的时候就应该用关键字UNIQUE把它定义为一个唯一索引。这么做的好处:一是简化了MySQL对这个索引的管理工作,这个索引也因此而变得更有效率;二是MySQL会在有新记录插入数据表时,自动检查新记录的这个字段的值是否已经在某个记录的这个字段里出现过了;如果是,MySQL将拒绝插入那条新记录。也就是说,唯一索引可以保证数据记录的唯一性。事实上,在许多场合,人们创建唯一索引的目的往往不是为了提高访问速度,而只是为了避免数据出现重复。

注:

终于找到同事说执行效率不一样的原因了,他在普通索引上创建的是前缀索引,只取了前16个字节,而唯一索引使用的全字节 :)

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Apr 19, 2025 am 12:24 AM

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonMySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonApr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages ​​such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages ​​have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Learning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersLearning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersApr 19, 2025 am 12:19 AM

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterMySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesMySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:22 AM

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedMySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

The Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesThe Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:12 AM

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

MySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementMySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 English version

SublimeText3 English version

Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor