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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL 多表查询实现分析

在一个数据库中,可能存在多个表,这些表都是相互关联的。

我们继续使用前面的例子。前面建立的表中包含了员工的一些基本信息,如姓名、性别、出生日期、出生地。我们再创建一个表,该表用于描述员工所发表的文章,内容包括作者姓名、文章标题、发表日期。

  1、查看第一个表 mytable 的内容:

  mysql> select * from mytable;
  +----------+------+------------+-----------+
  | name | sex | birth | birthaddr |
  +----------+------+------------+-----------+
  | abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china |
  | mary |f | 1978-12-12 | usa |
  | tom |m | 1970-09-02 | usa |
  +----------+------+------------+-----------+

  2、创建第二个表 title (包括作者、文章标题、发表日期):

  mysql> create table title(writer varchar(20) not null,
  -> title varchar(40) not null,
  -> senddate date);
   向该表中填加记录,最后表的内容如下:
  
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<ccid_code> mysql> select * from title; <br>  +--------+-------+------------+ <br>  | writer | title | senddate | <br>  +--------+-------+------------+ <br>  | abccs | a1 | 2000-01-23 | <br>  | mary | b1 | 1998-03-21 | <br>  | abccs | a2 | 2000-12-04 | <br>  | tom | c1 | 1992-05-16 | <br>  | tom | c2 | 1999-12-12 | <br>  +--------+-------+------------+ <br>  5 rows in set (0.00sec) <br><br>  3、多表查询 <br><br>  现在我们有了两个表: mytable 和 title。利用这两个表我们可以进行组合查询: <br><br>  上面例子中,由于作者姓名、性别、文章记录在两个不同表内,因此必须使用组合来进行查询。必须要指定一个表中的记录如何与其它表中的记录进行匹配。 <br><br>  注意:如果第二个表 title 中的 writer 列也取名为 name(与mytable表中的name列相同)而不是 write r时,就必须用 mytable.name 和 title.name 表示,以示区别。 <br><br>  再举一个例子,用于查询文章 a2 的作者、出生地和出生日期: <br><br>  mysql> select title,writer,birthaddr,birth from mytable,title <br>  -> where mytable.name=title.writer and title=′a2′; <br>  +-------+--------+-----------+------------+ <br>  | title | writer | birthaddr | birth | <br>  +-------+--------+-----------+------------+ <br>  | a2 | abccs | china | 1977-07-07 | <br>  +-------+--------+-----------+------------+ <br><br>  修改和备份、 <br><br>  有时我们要对数据库表和数据库进行修改和删除,可以用如下方法实现: <br><br>  1、增加一列: <br><br>  如在前面例子中的 mytable 表中增加一列表示是否单身 single: <br><br>  mysql> alter table mytable add column single char(1); <br><br>  2、修改记录 <br><br>  将 abccs 的 single 记录修改为“y”: <br><br>  mysql> update mytable set single=′y′ where name=′abccs′; 现在来看看发生了什么: <br><br>  mysql> select * from mytable; <br>  +----------+------+------------+-----------+--------+ <br>  | name | sex | birth | birthaddr | single | <br>  +----------+------+------------+-----------+--------+ <br>  | abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china | y | <br>  | mary |f | 1978-12-12 | usa | NULL | <br>  | tom |m | 1970-09-02 | usa | NULL | <br>  +----------+------+------------+-----------+--------+ <br><br>  3、增加记录 <br><br>  前面已经讲过如何增加一条记录,为便于查看,重复与此: <br><br>  mysql> insert into mytable <br>  -> values (′abc′,′f′,′1966-08-17′,′china′,′n′); <br>  Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) <br><br>  查看一下: <br><br>  mysql> select * from mytable; <br>  +----------+------+------------+-----------+--------+ <br>  | name | sex | birth | birthaddr | single | <br>  +----------+------+------------+-----------+--------+ <br>  | abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china | y | <br>  | mary |f | 1978-12-12 | usa | NULL | <br>  | tom |m | 1970-09-02 | usa | NULL | <br>  | abc |f | 1966-08-17 | china | n | <br>  +----------+------+------------+-----------+--------+ <br><br>  4、删除记录 <br><br>  用如下命令删除表中的一条记录:mysql> delete from mytable where name=′abc′; <br><br>  DELETE 从表中删除满足由 where 给出的条件的一条记录。再显示一下结果: <br><br>  mysql> select * from mytable; <br>  +----------+------+------------+-----------+--------+ <br>  | name | sex | birth | birthaddr | single | <br>  +----------+------+------------+-----------+--------+ <br>  | abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china | y | <br>  | mary |f | 1978-12-12 | usa | NULL | <br>  | tom |m | 1970-09-02 | usa | NULL | <br>  +----------+------+------------+-----------+--------+ <br><br>  5、删除表: <br><br>  mysql> drop table ****(表 1 的名字),*** 表 2 的名字; 可以删除一个或多个表,小心使用。 <br><br>  6、数据库的删除: <br><br>  mysql> drop database 数据库名; 小心使用。 <br><br>  7、数据库的备份: <br><br>  退回到 DOS: <br><br>  mysql> quit <br><br>  d:\mysqlbin <br><br>  使用如下命令对数据库 abccs 进行备份: <br><br>  mysqldump --opt abccs>abccs.dbb <br><br>  abccs.dbb 就是你的数据库 abccs 的备份文件。 <br><br>  8、用方式使用 MySQL: <br><br>  首先建立一个文件 mytest.sql,内容如下: <br><br>  use abccs; <br>  select * from mytable; <br>  select name,sex from mytable where name=′abccs′; <br><br>  在 DOS 下运行如下命令:d:mysqlbin mysql <br>  在屏幕上会显示执行结果。 <br><br>  如果想看结果,而输出结果很多,则可以用这样的命令: mysql <br>  我们还可以将结果输出到一个文件中: mysql  mytest.out


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