MySQL 数据库两台主机同步实战(linux)-Mysql Tutorial-php.cn

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MySQL 数据库两台主机同步实战(linux)

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Jun 07, 2016 pm 06:00 PM

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MySQL支持单向、异步复制，复制过程中一个服务器充当主服务器，而一个或多个其它服务器充当从服务器。主服务器将更新写入二进制日志文件，并维护日志文件的一个索引以跟踪日志循环。

当一个从服务器连接到主服务器时，它通知主服务器从服务器在日志中读取的最后一次成功更新的位置。从服务器接收从那时起发生的任何更新，然后封锁并等待主服务器通知下一次更新。

在实际项目中，两台分布于异地的主机上安装有MySQL数据库，两台服务器互为主备，客户要求当其中一台机器出现故障时，另外一台能够接管服务器上的应用，这就需要两台数据库的数据要实时保持一致，在这里使用MySQL的同步功能实现双机的同步复制。

以下是操作实例：

1、数据库同步设置

主机操作系统：RedHat Enterprise Linux 5

数据库版本：MySQL Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.22

前提：MySQL数据库正常启动

假设两台主机地址分别为：

ServA：10.240.136.9

ServB：10.240.136.149

1.1 配置同步账号

在ServA上增加一个ServB可以登录的帐号：

在ServB上增加一个ServA可以登录的帐号：

1.2 配置数据库参数

1、以root用户登录ServA，修改ServA的my.cnf文件

在[MySQLd]的配置项中增加如下配置：

1 default-character-set=utf8<br>2 <br>3 log-bin=MySQL-bin<br>4 <br>5 relay-log=relay-bin<br>6 <br>7 relay-log-index=relay-bin-index<br>8 <br>9 server-id=1<br>10 <br>11 master-host=10.240.136.149<br>12 <br>13 master-user=tongbu<br>14 <br>15 master-password=123456<br>16 <br>17 master-port=3306<br>18 <br>19 master-connect-retry=30<br>20 <br>21 binlog-do-db=umsdb<br>22 <br>23 replicate-do-db=umsdb<br>24 <br>25 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_menu<br>26 <br>27 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_connect_log<br>28 <br>29 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_data_stat<br>30 <br>31 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_log_record<br>32 <br>33 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_workorder_record

2、以root用户登录ServB，修改ServB的my.cnf文件

在[MySQLd]的配置项中增加如下配置：

1 default-character-set=utf8<br>2 <br>3 log-bin=MySQL-bin<br>4 <br>5 relay-log=relay-bin<br>6 <br>7 relay-log-index=relay-bin-index<br>8 <br>9 server-id=2<br>10 <br>11 master-host=10.240.136.9<br>12 <br>13 master-user=tongbu<br>14 <br>15 master-password=123456<br>16 <br>17 master-port=3306<br>18 <br>19 master-connect-retry=30<br>20 <br>21 binlog-do-db=umsdb<br>22 <br>23 replicate-do-db=umsdb<br>24 <br>25 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_menu<br>26 <br>27 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_connect_log<br>28 <br>29 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_data_stat<br>30 <br>31 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_log_record<br>32 <br>33 replicate-ignore-table=umsdb.boco_tb_workorder_record

1.3 手工执行数据库同步

假设以ServA为主服务器，在ServB上重启MySQL：

在ServB上用root用户登录MySQL，执行：

在ServA上重启MySQL：

1.4 查看数据库同步状态

在MySQL命令提示符下执行：

将显示同步进程的状态，如下所示，两行蓝色字体为slave进程状态，如果都为yes表示正常;红色字体表示同步错误指示，如果有问题会有错误提示：

1 *************************** 1. row ***************************<br>2 <br>3 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event<br>4 <br>5 Master_Host: 10.21.2.90<br>6 <br>7 Master_User: tongbu<br>8 <br>9 Master_Port: 3306<br>10 <br>11 Connect_Retry: 30<br>12 <br>13 Master_Log_File: localhost-bin.000005<br>14 <br>15 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 39753882<br>16 <br>17 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000062<br>18 <br>19 Relay_Log_Pos: 9826663<br>20 <br>21 Relay_Master_Log_File: localhost-bin.000005<br>22 <br>23 Slave_IO_Running: Yes<br>24 <br>25 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes<br>26 <br>27 Replicate_Do_DB: bak,umsdb<br>28 <br>29 Replicate_Ignore_DB:<br>30 <br>31 Replicate_Do_Table:<br>32 <br>33 Replicate_Ignore_Table: umsdb.boco_tb_connect_log,umsdb.boco_tb_menu,umsdb.boco_tb_workorder_record,<p> </p>
<p>umsdb.boco_tb_data_stat,umsdb.boco_tb_log_record<br>34 <br>35 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:<br>36 <br>37 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:<br>38 <br>39 Last_Errno: 0<br>40 <br>41 Last_Error:<br>42 <br>43 Skip_Counter: 0<br>44 <br>45 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 39753882<br>46 <br>47 Relay_Log_Space: 9826663<br>48 <br>49 Until_Condition: None<br>50 <br>51 Until_Log_File:<br>52 <br>53 Until_Log_Pos: 0<br>54 <br>55 Master_SSL_Allowed: No<br>56 <br>57 Master_SSL_CA_File:<br>58 <br>59 Master_SSL_CA_Path:<br>60 <br>61 Master_SSL_Cert:<br>62 <br>63 Master_SSL_Cipher:<br>64 <br>65 Master_SSL_Key:<br>66 <br>67 Seconds_Behind_Master:</p>

3、数据库同步测试

配置完数据库后进行测试，首先在网络正常情况下测试，在ServA上进行数据库操作，和在ServB上进行数据库操作，数据都能够同步过去。

拔掉ServB主机上的网线，然后在ServA上做一些数据库操作，之后再恢复ServB的网络环境，但是在ServB上却看不到同步的数据，通过命令show slave status\G查看发现Slave_IO_Running的状态是No，这种状态持续很长一段时间，数据才能同步到ServB上去。这是什么问题呢?同步延迟不会这么大吧。后来通过网上查找相关资料，找到一个同步延迟相关的参数：

参数含义：当slave从主数据库读取log数据失败后，等待多久重新建立连接并获取数据。

于是在配置文件中增加该参数，设置为60秒

重启MySQL数据库后测试，该问题解决。

4、数据库同步失效的解决

当数据同步进程失效后，首先手工检查slave主机当前备份的数据库日志文件在master主机上是否存在，在slave主机上运行：

一般获得如下的信息：

1 *************************** 1. row ***************************<br>2 <br>3 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event<br>4 <br>5 Master_Host: 10.21.3.240<br>6 <br>7 Master_User: tongbu<br>8 <br>9 Master_Port: 3306<br>10 <br>11 Connect_Retry: 30<br>12 <br>13 Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000001<br>14 <br>15 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 360<br>16 <br>17 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000003<br>18 <br>19 Relay_Log_Pos: 497<br>20 <br>21 Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL-bin.000001<br>22 <br>23 Slave_IO_Running: Yes<br>24 <br>25 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes<br>26 <br>27 Replicate_Do_DB: bak<br>28 <br>29 Replicate_Ignore_DB:<br>30 <br>31 Replicate_Do_Table:<br>32 <br>33 Replicate_Ignore_Table:<br>34 <br>35 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:<br>36 <br>37 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:<br>38 <br>39 Last_Errno: 0<br>40 <br>41 Last_Error:<br>42 <br>43 Skip_Counter: 0<br>44 <br>45 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 360<br>46 <br>47 Relay_Log_Space: 497<br>48 <br>49 Until_Condition: None<br>50 <br>51 Until_Log_File:<br>52 <br>53 Until_Log_Pos: 0<br>54 <br>55 Master_SSL_Allowed: No<br>56 <br>57 Master_SSL_CA_File:<br>58 <br>59 Master_SSL_CA_Path:<br>60 <br>61 Master_SSL_Cert:<br>62 <br>63 Master_SSL_Cipher:<br>64 <br>65 Master_SSL_Key:<br>66 <br>67 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0<br>其中Master_Log_File描述的是master主机上的日志文件。

在master上检查当前的数据库列表：

得到的日志列表如下：

+----------------------+-----------+

| Log_name | File_size |

+----------------------+-----------+

| localhost-bin.000001 | 495 |

| localhost-bin.000002 | 3394 |

+----------------------+-----------+

如果slave主机上使用的的Master_Log_File对应的文件在master的日志列表中存在，在slave主机上开启从属服务器线程后可以自动同步：

如果master主机上的日志文件已经不存在，则需要首先从master主机上恢复全部数据，再开启同步机制。

在slave主机上运行：

在master主机上运行：

在slave主机上运行：

在master主机上运行：

注意：LOAD DATA FROM MASTER目前只在所有表使用MyISAM存储引擎的数据库上有效。

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