Administrator 也许你认为可以不需要这个东西,但我还是要建议你下载并使用MySQL Administrator,它提供图形界面以帮助你管理MySQL数据库,Windows用户可以通过命令提示行运行
MySQLAdministrator,在余下时间里我假定你已经安装了MySQL Administrator,并且将使用相关图例。
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MySQL
Administrator主界面
创建数据库
要创建数据库,我们必须首先连接服务器。运行MySQL
Administrator并登陆服务器。
运行MySQL Administrator并登陆服务器
选择MySQL
Administrator左侧底部的"Catalogs",然后在管理器的右侧会出现目前服务器上已经有的数据库目录,右击Schema窗口的"mysql",选择"Create
New Schema"。
创建一个新的数据库
系统将提示你输入数据库的名称,这里我们使用"mydatabase",在本文以后也将使用这个名称。
输入数据库名称
一旦创建后,新数据库就将与服务器中的其他数据库一起出现在Schema窗口,选择它后,在右侧窗口将出现它的详细资料。
完成新数据库的创建:
新的数据库创建完成了
现在这里面还没有更多的东西,因为目前数据库还是空的。下面我们就为数据库添加点东西。
创建表
创建表很简单,只需要点击"Create
Table"按钮,于是将出现下面的对话框:
创建表
如图所示,我们已经给表取名为"mytable",有四个域,其中id域为自动增量的主键、一个整数域、一个文本域和一个时间/日期域。
在完成这些后,点击"Apply
Changes"按钮,将出现如下图的窗口,窗口中的是创建表的SQL语句,同时询问是否执行,当然点击"Execute"。
确认并执行表中的SQL语句
到目前为止,我们已经创建了一个包含名为"mytable"的表的名为"mydatabase"的数据库,下面我们要做的就是为数据库添加点数据。
添加数据
在真实情况中,添加数据是通过应用程序来实现的,但现在仅仅是要添加几个样本数据,所以我将在MySQL客户端命令中使用SQL语句的insert语句来实现,如果现在你还在MySQL
Administrator中,那么可以通过菜单"tools"来访问命令行(Tools -> MySQL Command Line
Client),否则可以通过开始菜单的MySQL组来访问。
通过命令行语句来实现添加数据
图中的第一行是告诉服务器我将使用那个数据库,第二和第三仅仅是简单的向数据库插入数据。
现在数据表中有两个样本数据,到目前为止,我们的数据库服务器已经建立并运行了,里面有一个数据库,一个数据表,一些数据。
创建新的MySQL用户账号
要添加用户账号需要再一次运行并登陆MySQL
Administrator,在MySQL Administrator窗口的左边选择"User
Administration",同时右边将显示服务器现行账号的信息(这里通常是所谓的root),右击下面小窗口里的账号,选择"Add new
User"。
再次运行MySQL
Administrator,并添加一个用户帐号
接下来系统将提示你输入新用户的详细信息,我给新用户取名为"15secs",口令设置为"password".
设置用户名、密码等常规选项
完成这些后,点击"Apply
Changes"按钮以保存输入。
给用户账号授权
缺省状况下的新用户几乎什么都做不了,要允许新用户连接MySQL数据库必须在"Schema
Privileges"中进行授权,这一切将在MySQL Administrator.中的"Schema Privileges"中完成。
为新开帐号设置权限
注意上图还没有为用户进行任何授权,由于后面的代码需要查询数据库,故需要授予用户"select"权限,然后点击"Apply
Changes"按钮保存。
进行授权:
进行授权
也许应用程序需要更多的权限,如:"Insert", "Update", 和
"Delete"等等,你可以用同样的方法授予给用户,但要注意的是,权限越多安全越小,你必须对每个用户都实行控制。

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Common security vulnerabilities in MySQL include SQL injection, weak passwords, improper permission configuration, and unupdated software. 1. SQL injection can be prevented by using preprocessing statements. 2. Weak passwords can be avoided by forcibly using strong password strategies. 3. Improper permission configuration can be resolved through regular review and adjustment of user permissions. 4. Unupdated software can be patched by regularly checking and updating the MySQL version.

Identifying slow queries in MySQL can be achieved by enabling slow query logs and setting thresholds. 1. Enable slow query logs and set thresholds. 2. View and analyze slow query log files, and use tools such as mysqldumpslow or pt-query-digest for in-depth analysis. 3. Optimizing slow queries can be achieved through index optimization, query rewriting and avoiding the use of SELECT*.

To monitor the health and performance of MySQL servers, you should pay attention to system health, performance metrics and query execution. 1) Monitor system health: Use top, htop or SHOWGLOBALSTATUS commands to view CPU, memory, disk I/O and network activities. 2) Track performance indicators: monitor key indicators such as query number per second, average query time and cache hit rate. 3) Ensure query execution optimization: Enable slow query logs, record and optimize queries whose execution time exceeds the set threshold.

The main difference between MySQL and MariaDB is performance, functionality and license: 1. MySQL is developed by Oracle, and MariaDB is its fork. 2. MariaDB may perform better in high load environments. 3.MariaDB provides more storage engines and functions. 4.MySQL adopts a dual license, and MariaDB is completely open source. The existing infrastructure, performance requirements, functional requirements and license costs should be taken into account when choosing.

MySQL uses a GPL license. 1) The GPL license allows the free use, modification and distribution of MySQL, but the modified distribution must comply with GPL. 2) Commercial licenses can avoid public modifications and are suitable for commercial applications that require confidentiality.

The situations when choosing InnoDB instead of MyISAM include: 1) transaction support, 2) high concurrency environment, 3) high data consistency; conversely, the situation when choosing MyISAM includes: 1) mainly read operations, 2) no transaction support is required. InnoDB is suitable for applications that require high data consistency and transaction processing, such as e-commerce platforms, while MyISAM is suitable for read-intensive and transaction-free applications such as blog systems.

In MySQL, the function of foreign keys is to establish the relationship between tables and ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. Foreign keys maintain the effectiveness of data through reference integrity checks and cascading operations. Pay attention to performance optimization and avoid common errors when using them.


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