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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialunion组合结果集时的order问题

如果能确定各查询结果不会有重复的项,最好就带上all,因为这样还是可以提高一些效率的。

近日,在一个项目中用到union组合两个select结果,调试sql时总是报错,所报错误也只是说在union附近有问题,因为sql中用到了group,我想也许是union不支持吧,由于时间紧,就先在程序中做了合并处理。但程序员对于代码的完美性要求总是不能放弃的,所以,常常会有如鲠在喉的感觉,不搞明白心里会不舒服。

仔细查看了MS的在线帮助,在有关UNION的描述中找到这样一段说明:

如果使用 UNION 运算符,那么各个 SELECT 语句不能包含它们自己的 ORDER BY 或 COMPUTE 子句。而只能在最后一个 SELECT 语句的后面使用一个 ORDER BY 或 COMPUTE 子句;该子句适用于最终的组合结果集。只能在各个 SELECT 语句中指定 GROUP BY 和 HAVING 子句。

在这段说明中并没有说union不能用于group,而是说在各个Select中不能包含order by,而在我的语句中恰恰就有这个,看来是我猜错了。试了一下把order去掉,果然不会报错了。也就是说,使用union的时候,各查询group是可以的,但不能order或compute。那如果说非要group,有没有办法呢?正常情况下只能在最后使用,而且是针对组合后的结果集进行排序的,而我刚才所说的group,就不能用于最终结果集,而只能用于每个查询。

这是正常的用法,有些人想在每个查询中先排序,然后再union,也有非正常的用法,类似:

select * from (select a from [table] order by a) union ...

另外,union后面还可以加上all,在默认情况下,union时会删除重复的项,如果加上all则不进行筛选,组合所有的结果。如果能确定各查询结果不会有重复的项,最好就带上all,因为这样还是可以提高一些效率的。
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