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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialSQL Server服务器内存优化使用指导

不久之前,笔者一个在企业中从事网管工作的朋友向我求助关于SQL Server服务器内存升级后遇到的问题。原来,他们企业准备上一个企业邮箱系统。为了节省开支,他们准备在原来的SQL Server服务器上部署企业的邮箱服务器。为了提高这个服务器的性能,让其能够承

    不久之前,笔者一个在企业中从事网管工作的朋友向我求助关于SQL Server内存升级后遇到的问题。原来,他们企业准备上一个企业邮箱系统。为了节省开支,他们准备在原来的SQL Server上部署企业的邮箱服务器。为了提高这个服务器的性能,让其能够承担其两种应用服务的重任,所以,他们对内存进行了升级。从原先的1G升级到了2G。

  但是,内存升级完以后,邮箱应用服务的性能不但没有改善,而且,还有恶化的趋势。运行一段时间后,这台服务器上运行的邮箱系统就出现了异常情况。时不时的会报出内存分配不足的情况。一开始,他们还以为是邮箱服务器跟SQL Server服务器不兼容。故还请了邮箱服务器的技术人员前来查看。经过他们的检查,发现是SQL Server服务占用的大部分内存所导致的。SQL Server服务所需要的内存,从升级之前的600M左右一下子到了1.5个G。难怪邮箱应用服务要警报说内存不够了。

  一、原因分析。

  笔者对这种问题已经是见怪不怪了,已经遇到过好几次类似的故障。在SQL Server启动的时候,系统会根据物理内存的大小来动态的增大或者缩小高速缓冲区的容量。这主要是为了提高SQL Server服务器的性能才如此的设计的。

  我们知道,一般情况下,高速缓冲区越大,则SQL Server服务器的性能越好。这主要是因为有些用户查询过的数据都可以放在高速缓冲区(即内存的其中一部分)中。如此的话,当用户下次再次需要这些数据的时候,就不用到硬盘中去读取,而直接在内存中读取即可。而从内存中读取数据要比在硬盘中读取速度要快的多。

  所以,只要当服务器的可用内存在4MB与10MB之间的话,数据库系统就会把它的高速缓冲区不断的扩大。如此的话,当邮箱服务器突然需要用到比较大的内存,如对邮箱进行备份或者有用户群发邮件的时候,就会报错说“内存分配不足”。

  故一般只是内存升级,往往不能够解决SQL Server服务与其他应用服务抢占内存的情况。为了让SQL Server能够与其他应用服务友好的共处,数据库管理员还需要对内存进行合理的分配,限制SQL Server数据库服务内存的占用率。

  二、解决方法。

  针对他们企业的这种情况,笔者给出两个建议。一是合理地给SQL Server数据库分配内存。而是不要把SQL Server服务跟其他应用服务放在同一台服务器上,毕竟数据库服务的并发行访问比较多,对服务器的性能要求比较高。

  若果企业选择第一种应对措施的话,就需要限制SQL Server服务器的内存使用率。为了使得运行在同一台服务器的SQL Server服务器与邮箱服务能够达到一个合理的性能,能够和平共处,就需要采取一定的措施限制SQL Server数据库服务的内存使用量。在SQL Server服务器中,专门提供了一个工具(数据库引擎),可以用来帮助我们干预SQL Server服务器的内存分配。

  具体的说,可以按如下方法进行配置。

  第一步:打开SQL Server企业管理器。

  在SQL Server数据库中,提供了一个图形化界面的企业管理器。在这个管理平台上可以对SQL Server的大部分服务进行管理与配置。SQL Server数据库服务的内存分配规则当然也不例外,可以在这里进行调整。

  第二步:找到我们需要调整的服务器。

  有些企业,可能在网络中部署了多个SQL Server服务器。为了管理的方面,会在其中一台服务器上的企业管理器中集中进行管理。不过,这家企业他们只有一个SQL Server服务器。在我们需要调整的服务器上,右键单击,选择“属性”。然后就会弹出一个对话框。在对话框中选择“内存选项卡”。在这里就可以对数据库应用服务的内存分配方法进行设置。

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