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sql查询性能优化的一些经验

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:48 PM
sql optimizationsql queryQuery optimization

本文章讲述了8点关于在做sql查询时我们要注意那些数据需要优化那些会影响到查询性能,有需要的同学可以参考一下下哈。

一、查询条件精确,针对有参数传入情况

二、SQL逻辑执行顺序

  

 代码如下 复制代码
FROM-->JOIN-->WHERE-->GROUP-->HAVING-->DISTINCT-->ORDER-->TOP

三、横向

查询需要的字段
当在SQL语句中连接多个表时,请使用表的别名并把别名前缀于每个Column上这样一来,就可以减少解析的时间并减少那些由Column歧义引起的语法错误
四、少做重复工作

控制同一语句的多次执行,特别是一些基础数据的多次执行是很多程序员很少注意的
减少多次的数据转换
杜绝不必要的子查询和连接表,子查询在执行计划一般解释成外连接,多余的连接表带来额外的开销
五、关于零时表#与表变量@

如果语句很复杂,连接太多,可以考虑用临时表和表变量分步完成
如果需要多次用到一个大表的同一部分数据,考虑用临时表和表变量暂存这部分数据
如果需要综合多个表的数据,形成一个结果,可以考虑用临时表和表变量分步汇总这多个表的数据
关于临时表和表变量的选择,在数据量较多的情况下,临时表的速度反而更快
SELECT INTO会比CREATE TABLE + INSERT INTO的方法快,但是SELECT INTO会锁定TEMPDB的系统表SYSOBJECTS、SYSINDEXES、SYSCOLUMNS,在多用户并发环境下,容易阻塞其他进程
六、子查询

子查询可以用IN、NOT IN、EXISTS、NOT EXISTS引入
NOT IN、NOT EXISTS的相关子查询可以改用LEFT JOIN代替写法
如果保证子查询没有重复 ,IN、EXISTS的相关子查询可以用INNER JOIN 代替
IN的相关子查询用EXISTS代替
七、索引

避免对索引字段进行计算操作

 代码如下 复制代码
SELECT ID FROM T WHERE NUM/2=100
应改为:
SELECT ID FROM T WHERE NUM=100*2

避免在索引字段上使用NOT,,!=
避免在索引列上使用IS NULL和IS NOT NULL
避免在索引列上出现数据类型转换
避免在索引字段上使用函数
避免建立索引的列中使用空值
不要对索引字段进行多字段连接

 代码如下 复制代码
WHERE FAME+'. '+LNAME='HAIWEI.YANG'
应改为:
WHERE FNAME='HAIWEI' AND LNAME='YANG'

好了大概就这些了,当然如果你只有几条数据怎么查都很快,但如果上百万或更大量的数据,你就会感觉优化的与不优化的区别了。

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