SQL函数说明大全 一旦成功地从表中检索出数据,就需要进一步操纵这些数据,以获得有用或有意义的结果。这些要求包括:执行计算与数学运算、转换数据、解析数值、组合值和聚合一个范围内的值等。 下表给出了 T-SQL 函数的类别和描述。 函数类别 作用 聚合函数
SQL函数说明大全
一旦成功地从表中检索出数据,就需要进一步操纵这些数据,以获得有用或有意义的结果。这些要求包括:执行计算与数学运算、转换数据、解析数值、组合值和聚合一个范围内的值等。
下表给出了T-SQL函数的类别和描述。
函数类别
作用
聚合函数
执行的操作是将多个值合并为一个值。例如 COUNT、SUM、MIN 和 MAX。
配置函数
是一种标量函数,可返回有关配置设置的信息。
转换函数
将值从一种数据类型转换为另一种。
加密函数
支持加密、解密、数字签名和数字签名验证。
游标函数
返回有关游标状态的信息。
日期和时间函数
可以更改日期和时间的值。
数学函数
执行三角、几何和其他数字运算。
元数据函数
返回数据库和数据库对象的属性信息。
排名函数
是一种非确定性函数,可以返回分区中每一行的排名值。
行集函数
返回可在 Transact-SQL 语句中表引用所在位置使用的行集。
安全函数
返回有关用户和角色的信息。
字符串函数
可更改 char、varchar、nchar、nvarchar、binary 和 varbinary 的值。
系统函数
对系统级的各种选项和对象进行操作或报告。
系统统计函数
返回有关 SQL Server 性能的信息。
文本和图像函数
可更改 text 和 image 的值。
函数的组成函数的目标是返回一个值。大多数函数都返回一个标量值(scalar value),标量值代表一个数据单元或一个简单值。实际上,函数可以返回任何数据类型,包括表、游标等可返回完整的多行结果集的类型。本章不准备讨论到这个深度,网站空间,香港虚拟主机,第12章将讲解如何创建和使用用户自定义函数,以返回更复杂的数据。
函数己经存在很长时间了,它的历史比SQL还要长。在几乎所有的编程语言中,网站空间,函数调用的方式都是相同的:
Result=Function()
在T-SQL中,一般用SELECT语句来返回值。如果需要从查询中返回一个值,就可以把SELECT当成输出运算符,而不用使用等号:
SELECT Function()
一个论点对于SQL函数而言,参数表示输入变量或者值的占位符。函数可以有任意个参数,有些参数是必须的,而有些参数是可选的。可选参数通常被置于以逗号隔开的参数表的末尾,以便于在函数调用中去除不需要的参数。
在SQL Server在线图书或者在线帮助系统中,函数的可选参数用方括号表示。在下列的CONVERT()函数例子中,数据类型的length和style参数是可选的:
CONVERT (data-type [(length)], expression[,style])
可将它简化为如下形式,因为现在不讨论如何使用数据类型:
CONVERT(date_type, expression[,style])
根据上面的定义,CONVERT()函数可接受2个或3个参数。因此,下列两个例子都是正确的:
SELECT CONVERT(Varchar(20), GETDATE()) SELECT CONVERT(Varchar(20), GETDATE(), 101)

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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