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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial 表变量与临时表的区别

表变量注意的问题 问题与临时表相比,表变量具有下列优点: 如表变量(如局部变量)具有明确定义的范围,在该范围结束时会自动清除这些表变量。 与临时表相比,表变量导致存储过程的重新编译更少。 涉及表变量的事务仅维持表变量上更新的持续时间。因此,使

表变量注意的问题

问题 与临时表相比,表变量具有下列优点: 

如 表变量(如局部变量)具有明确定义的范围,在该范围结束时会自动清除这些表变量。

与临时表相比,表变量导致存储过程的重新编译更少。

涉及表变量的事务仅维持表变量上更新的持续时间。因此,使用表变量时,香港服务器,需要锁定和记录资源的情况更少。因为表变量具有有限的范围并且不是持久性数据库的一部分,所以事务回滚并不影响它们。

问题 下面的文章讨论了重新编译存储过程的一些原因:

243586 ()存储过程重新编译的疑难解答



表变量完全独立于创建这些表变量的批,因此,香港虚拟主机,当执行 。临时表需要此表变量完全避免了此问题,因此存储过程可以使用已编译的计划,从而节省了处理存储过程的资源。

问题 与临时表相比,它存在下列缺陷: 

在表变量上不能创建非聚集索引(为 与具有非聚集索引的临时表相比,这可能会影响查询性能。

表变量不像临时表那样可以维护统计信息。在表变量上,不能通过自动创建或使用 CREATE STATISTICS 语句来创建统计信息。因此,在大表上进行复杂查询时,缺少统计信息可能会妨碍优化器确定查询的最佳计划,从而影响该查询的性能。

在初始 DECLARE 语句后不能更改表定义。

表变量不能在 

表类型声明中的检查约束、默认值以及计算所得的列不能调用用户定义的函数。

如果表变量是在 sp_executesql 存储过程来运行引用该表变量的动态 sp_executesql 存储过程将在表变量的作用域之外。但是,您可以在 sp_executesql 存储过程中。

问题 表变量不是仅存在于内存中的结构。由于表变量可能保留的数据较多,内存中容纳不下,因此它必须在磁盘上有一个位置来存储数据。与临时表类似,表变量是在 tempdb 数据库中创建的。如果有足够的内存,则表变量和临时表都在内存(数据缓存)中创建和处理。

问题 答案取决于以下三个因素: 

插入到表中的行数。

从中保存查询的重新编译的次数。

查询类型及其对性能的指数和统计信息的依赖性。

在某些情况下,可将一个具有临时表的存储过程拆分为多个较小的存储过程,以便在较小的单元上进行重新编译。

通常情况下,应尽量使用表变量,除非数据量非常大并且需要重复使用表。在这种情况下,可以在临时表上创建索引以提高查询性能。但是,各种方案可能互不相同。Microsoft 建议您做一个测试,香港服务器,来验证表变量对于特定的查询或存储过程是否比临时表更有效。

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