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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial Tempdb initial size和dbcc shrinkfile

Tempdb initial size和dbcc shrinkfile 在使用sql server时您可能遇到过下面的情况,tempdb的数据文件初始大小为3mb, 随着对tempdb的使用,tempdb文件逐渐变得很大(例如30GB),导致了磁盘空间不足。 此时您需要立刻释放tempdb文件所占用的空间,这时你会

Tempdb initial size和dbcc shrinkfile

在使用sql server时您可能遇到过下面的情况,tempdb的数据文件初始大小为3mb, 随着对tempdb的使用,tempdb文件逐渐变得很大(例如30GB),导致了磁盘空间不足。 此时您需要立刻释放tempdb文件所占用的空间,这时你会有两个选择:

  • 重启SQL Server。大家都知道SQL Server重启时会创建一个新的tempdb。由于tempdb的initial size并不会随着文件大小的增长而增长,重启SQL Server就会创建一个新的3MB的tempdb。
  • 使用DBCC命令收缩tempdb的大小。如果当前tempdb实际被使用到的空间其实不大,只是文件尺寸很大的话,您可能会考虑使用dbcc shrinkfile来收缩tempdb。通常情况下,这种方案是可行。但是您需要警惕一个潜在的风险。下面是我最近遇到的一个实际的案例。
  •  

    客户尝试使用dbcc shrinkfile依然无法收缩,但发现tempdb大小没有变化,仍然是30GB。客户搜索到了下面的这篇文章:

    Shrink TempDB Transaction Log fails after overflow

     

    于是尝试使用dbcc freesystemcache('ALL') , 然后使用dbcc shrinkfile,但发现tempdb仍然无法收缩。遇到这样情况可能是因为在使用dbcc freesystemcache('ALL')时,依然有session在引用tempdb,所以无法清除所有的internal objects,导致无法收缩。于是客户决定重启sql server。奇怪的是,SQL Server重启后,客户发现tempdb没有变回初始大小的3mb,而是依旧保持了30GB的尺寸。打开SSMS查看tempdb的初始大小,非常奇怪的,initial size变成了30GB…

       

       

    为什么会出现这样的结果呢?原因是dbcc shrinkfile会把tempdb的initial size设置为语句运行完之后tempdb文件的当前大小。所以当shrinkfile没能成功收缩tempdb时,tempdb的initial size就变成了30GB,即使重启SQL Server, tempdb依旧还是占用了30GB的空间。

       

    因此在执行dbcc shrinkfile前要千万小心咯。你需要确保没有session引用tempdb的情况下执行dbcc freesystemcache('ALL'), 之后再进行收缩。如果无法保证,那么就只能通过执行alter database,将initial size缩小,然后重启SQL Server来收缩tempdb了。Alter database语句如下:

    name='tempdev',size=10mb)

    请注意,如果指定的size小于当前大小,文件是不会缩小的,但initial size会变成指定的size.

       

    更多信息

    ===

     

    上述讨论所的知识点和技巧都是针对tempdb的,请不要将其应用于user database。关于user database的情况我会在后续的文章里介绍。

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