新闻数据库分表案例目录:[-]NetkillerMySQL手札MySQLMariaDB...Mr.NeoChan,陈景峰(BG7NYT)4.16.3.新闻数据库分表案例NetkillerMySQL手札MySQLMariaDB...Mr.NeoC
新闻数据库分表案例
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$Date: 2013-04-10 15:03:49 +0800 (Wed, 10 Apr 2013) $
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4.16.3. 新闻数据库分表案例
这里我通过一个新闻网站为例,解决分表的问题
避免开发中经常拼接表,我采用一个一劳永逸的方法,建立一个 news 表使用黑洞引擎,然后通过出发器将数据分流到匹配的表中。同时采用uuid替代数字序列,可以保证未来数年不会出现ID用尽。
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `news` ( `uuid` varchar(36) NOT NULL COMMENT '唯一ID', `title` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻标题', `body` text NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻正文', `ctime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '创建时间', `mtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改时间', `atime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '访问时间', PRIMARY KEY (`uuid`) ) ENGINE=BLACKHOLE DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;该表仅仅用于举例,结构比较简单。接下来创建年份分表,你也可以每个月一个表,根据你的许下灵活调整。表结构与上面的news表相同,注意 ENGINE=InnoDB。
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `news_2012` ( `uuid` varchar(36) NOT NULL COMMENT '唯一ID', `title` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻标题', `body` text NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻正文', `ctime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '创建时间', `mtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改时间', `atime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '访问时间', PRIMARY KEY (`uuid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='news 表'; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `news_2013` ( `uuid` varchar(36) NOT NULL COMMENT '唯一ID', `title` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻标题', `body` text NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻正文', `ctime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '创建时间', `mtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改时间', `atime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '访问时间', PRIMARY KEY (`uuid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='news 表';uuid 索引表,主要的功能是通过uuid查询出该记录在那张表中。更好的方案是将数据放入solr中处理,包括标题与内容搜索等等。
CREATE TABLE `news_index` ( `uuid` VARCHAR(36) NOT NULL, `tbl_name` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`uuid`) ) COMMENT='news uuid 索引表' COLLATE='utf8_general_ci' ENGINE=InnoDB;news_insert 过程,用于向目标表中插入数据,可以单独call 但不建议。因为insert 远比 call 更通用,要考虑移植性与通用性
DELIMITER // CREATE DEFINER=`neo`@`%` PROCEDURE `news_insert`(IN `uuid` vARCHAR(36), IN `title` VARCHAR(50), IN `body` TEXT, IN `ctime` TIMESTAMP) BEGIN if year(ctime) = '2012' then insert into news_2012(uuid,title,body,ctime) values(uuid,title, body, ctime); end if; if year(ctime) = '2013' then insert into news_2013(uuid,title,body,ctime) values(uuid,title, body, ctime); end if; insert into news_index values(uuid, year(ctime)); END// DELIMITER ;插入触发器,负责获取 uuid 然后调用存储过程
SET @OLDTMP_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE=''; DELIMITER // CREATE TRIGGER `news_before_insert` BEFORE INSERT ON `news` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN IF new.uuid is null or new.uuid = '' or length(new.uuid) != 36 THEN set new.uuid=uuid(); END IF; call news_insert(new.uuid,new.title,new.body,new.ctime); END// DELIMITER ; SET SQL_MODE=@OLDTMP_SQL_MODE;这个触发器用户保护表中的 uuid 值不被修改。
SET @OLDTMP_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE=''; DELIMITER // CREATE TRIGGER `news_before_update` BEFORE UPDATE ON `news_2013` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN set new.uuid = old.uuid; END// DELIMITER ; SET SQL_MODE=@OLDTMP_SQL_MODE;
InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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