一.What is Trace? 对于 SQL Profiler这个工具相信大家都不是很陌生,没用过的朋友可以在SQL Server Management Studio工具SQL Server Profiler处使用。这个工具是用来监控SQL,存储过程的执行,用户登录等等信息。但这个工具只是一个GUI,他的本质就是Trac
一.What is Trace?
对于SQL Profiler这个工具相信大家都不是很陌生,没用过的朋友可以在SQL Server Management Studio>工具>SQL Server Profiler处使用。这个工具是用来监控SQL,存储过程的执行,用户登录等等信息。但这个工具只是一个GUI,他的本质就是Trace。下面是Trace的架构:
数据库引擎会产生一系列事件,然后各个trace可以去订阅自己感兴趣的事件,一旦数据库产生了相关事件就会发给订阅该事件的trace,各个trace通过自己的过滤器对该事件的信息过滤(例如:捕获执行时间超过1秒的SQL语句),然后放到一个缓冲队列里,最终写入文件或者是一些客户端应用。
简单介绍完理论,下面就开始实践:
How to Create a Trace?
要创建一个追踪器,总共分三步:
1.执行存储过程sp_trace_create创建一个追踪器
2.执行存储过程sp_trace_setevent添加自己想订阅的事件以及最终结果集的列名
3.执行存储过程sp_trace_setfilter设置过滤器来对过滤产生数据
下面是一个创建一个追踪器的SQL脚本
; ; ; ; sp_trace_create 7 @traceid OUTPUT , , , , ; sp_trace_setevent , , , ; sp_trace_setevent , , , ; sp_trace_setevent , , , ; sp_trace_setevent , , , ; sp_trace_setevent , , , ; sp_trace_setevent , , , ;; ; sp_trace_setfilter , , , , ; TraceID;
对于第九行中的C:\TraceFiles\LongRunningQueries,请确保TraceFiles文件夹存在,而LongRunningQueries是文件名,创建后会自动加上.trc后缀。
对于过滤器中具体的事件以及列名,大家可以参考:(v=sql.105).aspx
对于像我一样的一些初学者,写上面的脚本可能比较吃力,那么我们可以通过SQL Server Profiler配置各种需求,然后导出脚本:
然后把路径等一系列其他参数设置下即可。
三.How to Operate a Trace?
上面我们已经把创建了一个追踪器,但这个追踪器目前并未开始运行,我们可以通过下面的脚本来查看trace的状态
sys.traces
执行之后你会发现有2个trace记录,第一个是SQL Server默认的trace,它提供极其有限的功能,第二个就是我们刚刚创建的trace
status就是指追踪器的状态
@status Action
0 Stops the trace
1 Starts the trace
2 Closes the trace and deletes its definition
操作status的脚本:
; ; sp_trace_setstatus ,; sp_trace_setstatus ,; sp_trace_setstatus ,;-- start trace
四.How to Viewing Trace Data?
前面已经说过,追踪器最终把追踪到的信息写到了一个文件里,也就是我们创建时指定的路径。通过一个系统函数就可以查看分析这些数据了:
fn_trace_gettable(N,DEFAULT);
五.Summary
SQL Trace对象提供服务器端的追踪的技术,包括一些存储过程,,数据库,视图来创建trace, 通过使用T-SQL和trace暴露的元数据来管理trace数据,这些都是SQL Profiler所无法提供的

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