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CentOS下安装Oracle 10g 技术文档 第一步:以root用户执行以下命令,创建用户、组以及设置密码 /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall /us

CentOS下安装Oracle 10g 技术文档

第一步:以root用户执行以下命令,创建用户、组以及设置密码

/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd dba

/usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

id oracle    #查看是否存在oracle用户

passwd oracle #设置密码

 

 

第二步:以root用户执行以下命令,分配权限

mkdir -p /u01/oracle #安装软件目录

mkdir -p /u02/oradata #存放oracle数据库文件

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/oracle/u02/oradata  #分配权限

chmod -R 775 /u01/oracle /u02/oradata

 

第三步:以root用户执行以下命令,分配内核参数

#vim /etc/sysctl.conf

在最末尾增加

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

#sysctl -p (使参数配置立即生效)

 

具体的变量解释如下:

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295  //该参数定义了共享内存段的最大尺寸(以字节为单位)。缺省为32M,对于oracle来说,该缺省值太低了,这里设置为4G 4*1024*1024*1024-1=4294967295
kernel.shmall = 268435456 //该参数表示系统一次可以使用的共享内存总量(以页为单位)。缺省值就是2097152,通常不需要修改,这里设置256m    256*1024*1024=268435456
kernel.shmmni = 4096  //这个内核参数用于设置系统范围内共享内存段的最大数量。该参数的默认值是 4096 。通常不需要更改
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128    //表示设置的信号量
fs.file-max = 65536    //表示文件句柄的最大数量。文件句柄设置表示在linux系统中可以打开的文件数量
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000  //端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304  //  默认的接收窗口大小
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304  //  接收窗口的最大大小
net.core.wmem_default = 262144  //  默认的发送窗口大小
net.core.wmem_max = 262144  //  发送窗口的最大大小

第四步:以root用户执行以下命令,(安全起见,设置第四步):限制oracle用户对资源的访问

A: 限制用户访问资源

# vim /etc/security/limits.conf 在文件之后加入如下内容

#Add this line

oracle            soft    nproc  2047

oracle            hard    nproc  16384

oracle            soft    nofile  1024

oracle            hard    nofile  65536

B.限制用户SHELL对资源的访问

#vim /etc/profile  在文件末尾添加如下内容:

if [ $USER = "oracle"];then

      if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then

              ulimit -p 16384

              ulimit -n 65536

      else

              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

      fi

fi

C.验证用户

#vim /etc/pam.d/login

session  required  pam_limits.so

session  required  /lib/security/pam_limits.so

第五步:为oracle用户设置环境变量

在centos中用户配置文件一定存放在/home/oracle/.bash_profile下

#vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

在文件末尾增加:

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=oratest

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:$PATH

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

exportCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export THREADS_FLAG=native

export NLS_LANG='american_america'.utf8

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'

alias  net='cd/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin'

alias  bd='cd/u01/oracle/diag/rdbms/yttestnew/dw01/trace/'

alias  rman='rlwraprman'

alias  dbs='cd/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs'

具体的情况可根据自身目录进行调整

然后source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 让它生效

 

第六步:以root用户安装必要的软件安装包,使用yum方式安装能减少很多麻烦,推荐尽可能把这些安装包安装了,不然后面会遇到很多不必要的麻烦。

 

yum install yum-fastestmirror -y
yum install compat-db*
yum install compat-libc*
yum install compat-gcc*
yum install libXp.so.6
yum install libc-*
yum install libaio*
yum install openmotif
yum install glibc-devel*
yum install libgcc*
yum install gnome-lib* 

第七步:以root用户先设置共享当前X11的访问权,即当前屏幕

#xhost +

 

第八步:用oracle用户定义DISPLAY变量,让显示输出到X11上,即当前0.0个显示设备上。

$ export DISPLAY=:0.0

如果不进行第七步,第八步的设置会报以下这样的错:

Xlib:connection to ":0.0" refused by server

Xlib:  Noprotocol specified

解决办法:

1.退出oracle,用root登陆;
2. root命令行下输入:

[root@localhost~]# xhost local:oracle non-network local connections being added to accesscontrol list

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