虽然之前写了不少Oracle上的SQL语句,但是没有抽出时间对Oracle进行一个系统的学习,实践固然重要,但没有一个理论上的规范学习与
虽然之前写了不少Oracle上的SQL语句,但是没有抽出时间对Oracle进行一个系统的学习,实践固然重要,但没有一个理论上的规范学习与理解,在实践中就不能举一反三,就不能写出高规范高质量的SQL语句。
-- PL/SQL 基本写法
-- 说明:声明、异常处理部分为可选,视具体程序而定
-- 博客记录点滴 转载注明出处
DECLARE -- 声明变量
A INTEGER;-- 只声明
B FLOAT := 0;-- 带赋值的声明
C FLOAT;
BEGIN -- 可执行语句开始
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('开始执行可执行语句块![转载注明出处]');
A := 1.5;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('A=' || A);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('B=' || B);
C := A / B; -- 会引发分母为0的异常,下面的两条输出语句将无法执行
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('C=' || C);
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('可执行语句块执行完毕![转载注明出处]');
EXCEPTION -- 异常处理
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('[PL/SQL 基本写法]中出现异常,错误代码:ORA'||sqlcode);
END; -- 可执行语句结束
/ -- 该符号表示执行这段PL/SQL代码
执行后的输出:
开始执行可执行语句块![转载注明出处]
A=2
B=0
[PL/SQL 基本写法]中出现异常,,错误代码:ORA-1476
我们再看一下如何通过异常处理实现数据库事务:
-- PL/SQL 事务
-- 说明:有多条修改数据的语句执行,如果其中某条出错,之前的更改也不会记入数据库
-- 博客记录点滴 转载注明出处
-- 1.先创建一个测试表
DECLARE
V_SQL_DROP_TABLE VARCHAR2(50) := 'DROP TABLE MY_TEST';
V_SQL_CREATE_TABLE VARCHAR2(100) := 'CREATE TABLE MY_TEST(NOT_NULL VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL, ONLY_INT INTEGER)';
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE V_SQL_CREATE_TABLE; -- 创建测试表
EXCEPTION
-- 如果表已存在,则会引发异常
WHEN OTHERS THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE V_SQL_DROP_TABLE; -- 先删除
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE V_SQL_CREATE_TABLE; -- 再创建
END;
/
--2.用我们刚创建的测试表进行测试
DECLARE
V_COUNT INTEGER; -- 表中记录的行数
V_INT_VAL MY_TEST.ONLY_INT%TYPE; -- 使用%TYPE关键字参照某表某字段类型声明变量
BEGIN
V_INT_VAL := 123456;
-- 插入一条正确的数据
INSERT INTO MY_TEST VALUES ('TEST_SUCCESS', V_INT_VAL);
-- 查询条数为1条,我们发现插入成功了
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO V_COUNT FROM MY_TEST;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('MY_TEST表中有' || V_COUNT || '条记录');
-- 插入一条错误的数据,因为第二个字段为int型,插入字符数据肯定会出错
INSERT INTO MY_TEST VALUES ('TEST_FAIL', 'ABC');
-- 最后提交更改
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- 异常处理
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK; -- 异常时回滚,这样第一次插入的正确数据也不会保存到数据库
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('[PL/SQL 事务]中出现异常,错误代码:ORA' || sqlcode);
-- 我们验证一下表里的数据为0条
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO V_COUNT FROM MY_TEST;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('回滚后,MY_TEST表中有' || V_COUNT || '条记录');
END; -- 可执行语句结束
/ -- 该符号表示执行这段PL/SQL代码
执行后的输出:
MY_TEST表中有1条记录
[PL/SQL 事务]中出现异常,错误代码:ORA-1722
回滚后,MY_TEST表中有0条记录
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MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

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The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

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MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is easy to use and powerful. 1.MySQL is a relational database, and uses SQL for CRUD operations. 2. It is simple to install and requires the root user password to be configured. 3. Use INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT to perform data operations. 4. ORDERBY, WHERE and JOIN can be used for complex queries. 5. Debugging requires checking the syntax and use EXPLAIN to analyze the query. 6. Optimization suggestions include using indexes, choosing the right data type and good programming habits.


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