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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialXtraBackup对MySQL数据库的备份及恢复

xtrabackup 是 percona 的一个开源项目,可以热备份innodb ,XtraDB,和MyISAM(会锁表),对MyISAM存储引擎会锁表,也是很郁闷的

xtrabackup 是 percona 的一个开源项目,可以热备份innodb ,XtraDB,和MyISAM(会锁表)
对MyISAM存储引擎会锁表,也是很郁闷的因为线上使用的是Innodb和MyISAM两种存储引擎,比较头疼!!
Xtrabackup是一个对InnoDB做数据备份的工具,支持在线热备份(备份时不影响数据读写),是商业备份工具InnoDB Hotbackup的一个很好的替代品
Percona? 
MySqL的衍生版 Percona Server
Percona 为 MySQL 数据库服务器进行了改进,在功能和性能上较 MySQL 有着很显著的提升。该版本提升了在高负载情况下的 InnoDB 的性能、为 DBA 提供一些非常有用的性能诊断工具;另外有更多的参数和命令来控制服务器行为。
Percona Server 只包含 MySQL 的服务器版,并没有提供相应对 MySQL 的 Connector 和 GUI 工具进行改进。
Percona Server 使用了一些 google-mysql-tools, Proven Scaling, Open Query 对 MySQL 进行改造。
官站: 这个站点有详细的文档介绍,不过是E文,

推荐阅读:

MySQL开源备份工具Xtrabackup备份部署

MySQL Xtrabackup备份和恢复

用XtraBackup实现MySQL的主从复制快速部署【主不锁表】

安装和使用 Percona 推出的 Xtrabackup 备份 MySQL

XtraBackup 的详细介绍:请点这里
XtraBackup 的下载地址:请点这里

下面就来看一下Xtrbackup这个工具的使用吧。


首先安装这个xtrbackup工具,安装方法官网上有yum和rpm包安装两种方式的详细的介绍就不再写了,朋友们自己看。在这里我使用的yum的安装方式比较便捷。
yum源设置方法:

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/Percona.repo
添加以下内容:
[percona]
name = CentOS $releasever - Percona
baseurl=http://repo.percona.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
enabled = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-percona
gpgcheck = 1下载key文件写到yum install percona-xtrabackup-2.0.1-446.rhel6.x86_64 -y
当然也可以下载源码包编译安装

下载地址:

主要来说一下xtrbackup对MySqL数据库的备份和恢复。


Xtrabackup有两个主要的工具:xtrabackup、innobackupex
  (1)xtrabackup只能备份InnoDB和XtraDB两种数据表,而不能备份MyISAM数据表
  (2)innobackupex-1.5.1则封装了xtrabackup,是一个脚本封装,所以能同时备份处理innodb和myisam,但在处理myisam时需要加一个读锁
  (3)使用帮助::start
下面来使用这个工具:
一定要确定mysql配置文件my.cnf中必须有datadir=/data/mysql/这项。下面有说明。
先来一次全量备份:

innobackupex-1.5.1 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --no-timestamp --host=localhost --port=3306 --user=root --password=RedHat /data/bak_data/full_bak这个目录里面就是备份的内容了,可以看一下都有什么东西:
数据库的主配置文件:backup-my.cnf
Innodb日志文件:ibdata1
数据库中的所有数据库目录:innobackup、mysql、performance_schema、phpmyadmin、test、wordpress
最后就是innobackupex备份的二进制日志和日志信息,备份的标志点:
xtrabackup_binary
xtrabackup_binlog_info
xtrabackup_checkpoints
xtrabackup_logfile
下面来使用innobackupex增量备份:

第一次增量备份:
innobackupex-1.5.1 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --no-timestamp --host=localhost --port=3306 --user=root --password=redhat --incremental --incremental-basedir=/data/bak_data/full_bak /data/bak_data/one_backup
第二次增量备份:
innobackupex-1.5.1 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --no-timestamp --host=localhost --port=3306 --user=root --password=redhat --incremental --incremental-basedir=/data/bak_data/one_backup /data/bak_data/two_backup
第三次增量备份:
innobackupex-1.5.1 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --no-timestamp --host=localhost --port=3306 --user=root --password=redhat --incremental --incremental-basedir=/data/bak_data/two_backup /data/bak_data/three_backup
以上是把每次增量备份为一个目录,,也可以备份为一个压缩包

压缩备份的方式:

innobackupex-1.5.1 --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --no-timestamp --host=localhost --port=3306 --user=root --password=redhat --stream=tar /data/bak_data/ 2>/data/back_data/2.log | gzip - > /data/bak_data/full_bak.tar.gz(测试了不下10次,压缩包里只一个backup-my.cnf文件,非常郁闷!)
还是用普通的吧,比较稳当!

继续阅读本文的精彩内容请看第2页

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