Oracle只是在语法上支持decimal类型,但是在底层实际上它就是number类型,支持decimal类型是为了能把数据从Oracle数据库移到其他
一、DECIMAL类型详细
Oracle只是在语法上支持decimal类型,但是在底层实际上它就是number类型,支持decimal类型是为了能把数据从Oracle数据库移到其他数据库中(如DB2等)。
因为decimal在Oracle底层就是number类型,所以就当number类型使用就可以了,如果需要对这种字段类型转为char类型可以用to_char函数对其转换。
decimal类型从根本上说应该是数字类型的,因为oracle内部的数据类型,对于数字只有number类型,都当数字类型进行处理即可。decimal(8,2)代表数字总共8位长度,小数部分是2位。范围是8位,精确到小数点后2位,并四舍五入,即存6位整数,两位小数。也就是最大值可以是999999.99,可存放2位小数。Oracle中,可以使用to_char函数对数字进行转换,使它变成字符类型.
二、NUMBER类型详细
在Oracle中Number类型可以用来存储0,正负定点或者浮点数,可表示的数据范围在
1.0 * 10(-130) —— 9.9...9 * 10(125) {38个9后边带88个0}
的数字,当Oracle中的数学表达式的值>=1.0*10(126)时,Oracle就会报错。
Number的数据声明如下:
表示
作用
说明
Number(p, s)
声明一个定点数
p(precision)为精度,s(scale)表示小数点右边的数字个数,精度最大值为38,,scale的取值范围为-84到127
Number(p)
声明一个整数
相当于Number(p, 0)
Number
声明一个浮点数
其精度为38,要注意的是scale的值没有应用,也就是说scale的指不能简单的理解为0,或者其他的数。
定点数的精度(p)和刻度(s)遵循以下规则:
当一个数的整数部分的长度> p-s 时,Oracle就会报错
当一个数的小数部分的长度> s 时,Oracle就会舍入。
当s(scale)为负数时,Oracle就对小数点左边的s个数字进行舍入。
当s > p时, p表示小数点后第s位向左最多可以有多少位数字,如果大于p则Oracle报错,小数点后s位向右的数字被舍入.
NUMBER类型细讲
Oracle number datatype 语法:NUMBER[(precision [, scale])]
简称:precision --> p
scale --> s
NUMBER(p, s)
范围:1 保存数据范围:-1.0e-130 保存在机器内部的范围:1 ~ 22 bytes
有效位:从左边第一个不为0的数算起的位数。
s的情况:
s > 0
精确到小数点右边s位,并四舍五入。然后检验有效位是否 s 精确到小数点左边s位,并四舍五入。然后检验有效位是否 s = 0
此时NUMBER表示整数。
eg:
Actual Data Specified As Stored As
----------------------------------------
123.89 NUMBER 123.89
123.89 NUMBER(3) 124
123.89 NUMBER(6,2) 123.89
123.89 NUMBER(6,1) 123.9
123.89 NUMBER(4,2) exceeds precision (有效位为5, 5 > 4)
123.89 NUMBER(6,-2) 100
.01234 NUMBER(4,5) .01234 (有效位为4)
.00012 NUMBER(4,5) .00012
.000127 NUMBER(4,5) .00013
.0000012 NUMBER(2,7) .0000012
.00000123 NUMBER(2,7) .0000012
1.2e-4 NUMBER(2,5) 0.00012
1.2e-5 NUMBER(2,5) 0.00001
123.2564 NUMBER 123.2564
1234.9876 NUMBER(6,2) 1234.99
12345.12345 NUMBER(6,2) Error (有效位为5+2 > 6)
1234.9876 NUMBER(6) 1235 (s没有表示s=0)
12345.345 NUMBER(5,-2) 12300
1234567 NUMBER(5,-2) 1234600
12345678 NUMBER(5,-2) Error (有效位为8 > 7)
123456789 NUMBER(5,-4) 123460000
1234567890 NUMBER(5,-4) Error (有效位为10 > 9)
12345.58 NUMBER(*, 1) 12345.6
0.1 NUMBER(4,5) Error (0.10000, 有效位为5 > 4)
0.01234567 NUMBER(4,5) 0.01235
0.09999 NUMBER(4,5) 0.09999

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