full (outer) join是用来全连接两个表的语法。即希望将A表和B表关联,能够得到A表中有而B表中没有的记录,或者B表中有而A表中没有
full (outer) join是用来全连接两个表的语法。即希望将A表和B表关联,能够得到A表中有而B表中没有的记录,或者B表中有而A表中没有的记录。
如何判断是否有该记录,则通过on子句来关联。
下面是一个例子:
SQL> with
2 A as(select 1 a, 2 b from dual),
3 B as(select 2 a, 3 b from dual)
4 select * from A full join B
5 on A.a=B.a
6 /
A B A B
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 2
2 3
了解了以上基本原理后,我们应该知道,理论上讲,A表和B表的在from子句中的顺序是没有关系的,也就是不影响结果。但是,实际上,却出现了这样的问题,下面是对这种情况的描述:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 12791 | 349K| 82 (3)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | VIEW | | 12791 | 349K| 82 (3)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |
|* 3 | FILTER | | | | | |
|* 4 | HASH JOIN RIGHT OUTER| | 12790 | 1124K| 41 (3)| 00:00:01 |
| 5 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JXC_RISHARESUM | 1735 | 78075 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 6 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JXC_ALLTRADEDAY | 12790 | 562K| 33 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 7 | HASH JOIN ANTI | | 1 | 76 | 41 (3)| 00:00:01 |
|* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JXC_RISHARESUM | 1 | 45 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 9 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JXC_ALLTRADEDAY | 12790 | 387K| 33 (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
从以上执行计划来看,在第四步骤,,使用的是hash join rigth outer连接方式。而通过改变两表的摆放顺序,得到如下的执行计划:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1876 | 52528 | 82 (3)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | VIEW | | 1876 | 52528 | 82 (3)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |
|* 3 | FILTER | | | | | |
|* 4 | HASH JOIN OUTER | | 1874 | 164K| 41 (3)| 00:00:01 |
| 5 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| JXC_RISHARESUM | 1735 | 78075 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 6 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| JXC_ALLTRADEDAY | 12790 | 562K| 33 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 7 | HASH JOIN ANTI | | 2 | 152 | 41 (3)| 00:00:01 |
|* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JXC_ALLTRADEDAY | 2 | 90 | 33 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 9 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | JXC_RISHARESUM | 1735 | 53785 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
注意,此时,执行计划中的第四个步骤,变成了:hash join outer方式。这个才是我们所期望的方式。那究竟是什么导致了这个变化呢?查看他们的谓词连接逻辑:
hash join right outer的:

MySQLoffersvariousstorageengines,eachsuitedfordifferentusecases:1)InnoDBisidealforapplicationsneedingACIDcomplianceandhighconcurrency,supportingtransactionsandforeignkeys.2)MyISAMisbestforread-heavyworkloads,lackingtransactionsupport.3)Memoryengineis

Common security vulnerabilities in MySQL include SQL injection, weak passwords, improper permission configuration, and unupdated software. 1. SQL injection can be prevented by using preprocessing statements. 2. Weak passwords can be avoided by forcibly using strong password strategies. 3. Improper permission configuration can be resolved through regular review and adjustment of user permissions. 4. Unupdated software can be patched by regularly checking and updating the MySQL version.

Identifying slow queries in MySQL can be achieved by enabling slow query logs and setting thresholds. 1. Enable slow query logs and set thresholds. 2. View and analyze slow query log files, and use tools such as mysqldumpslow or pt-query-digest for in-depth analysis. 3. Optimizing slow queries can be achieved through index optimization, query rewriting and avoiding the use of SELECT*.

To monitor the health and performance of MySQL servers, you should pay attention to system health, performance metrics and query execution. 1) Monitor system health: Use top, htop or SHOWGLOBALSTATUS commands to view CPU, memory, disk I/O and network activities. 2) Track performance indicators: monitor key indicators such as query number per second, average query time and cache hit rate. 3) Ensure query execution optimization: Enable slow query logs, record and optimize queries whose execution time exceeds the set threshold.

The main difference between MySQL and MariaDB is performance, functionality and license: 1. MySQL is developed by Oracle, and MariaDB is its fork. 2. MariaDB may perform better in high load environments. 3.MariaDB provides more storage engines and functions. 4.MySQL adopts a dual license, and MariaDB is completely open source. The existing infrastructure, performance requirements, functional requirements and license costs should be taken into account when choosing.

MySQL uses a GPL license. 1) The GPL license allows the free use, modification and distribution of MySQL, but the modified distribution must comply with GPL. 2) Commercial licenses can avoid public modifications and are suitable for commercial applications that require confidentiality.

The situations when choosing InnoDB instead of MyISAM include: 1) transaction support, 2) high concurrency environment, 3) high data consistency; conversely, the situation when choosing MyISAM includes: 1) mainly read operations, 2) no transaction support is required. InnoDB is suitable for applications that require high data consistency and transaction processing, such as e-commerce platforms, while MyISAM is suitable for read-intensive and transaction-free applications such as blog systems.

In MySQL, the function of foreign keys is to establish the relationship between tables and ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. Foreign keys maintain the effectiveness of data through reference integrity checks and cascading operations. Pay attention to performance optimization and avoid common errors when using them.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

mPDF
mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.
