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解密ThinkPHP3.1.2版本之模板继承_php实例

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Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:18 PM

Template inheritance

模板继承是ThinkPHP3.1.2版本添加的一项更加灵活的模板布局方式，模板继承不同于模板布局，甚至来说，应该在模板布局的上层。模板继承其实并不难理解，就好比类的继承一样，模板也可以定义一个基础模板（或者是布局），并且其中定义相关的区块（block），然后继承（extend）该基础模板的子模板中就可以对基础模板中定义的区块进行重载。

因此，模板继承的优势其实是设计基础模板中的区块（block）和子模板中替换这些区块。
每个区块由标签组成，并且不支持block标签的嵌套。
下面就是基础模板中的一个典型的区块设计（用于设计网站标题）：

<block name="title"><title>网站标题</title></block>

block标签必须指定name属性来标识当前区块的名称，这个标识在当前模板中应该是唯一的，block标签中可以包含任何模板内容，包括其他标签和变量，例如：

<block name="title"><title>{$web_title}</title></block>

你甚至还可以在区块中加载外部文件：

<block name="include"><include file="Public:header" /></block>

一个模板中可以定义任意多个名称标识不重复的区块，例如下面定义了一个base.html基础模板：

<html>
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
 <block name="title"><title>标题</title></block>
 </head>
 <body>
 <block name="menu">菜单</block>
 <block name="left">左边分栏</block>
 <block name="main">主内容</block>
 <block name="right">右边分栏</block>
 <block name="footer">底部</block>
 </body>
 </html>

然后我们在子模板（其实是当前操作的入口模板）中使用继承：

<extend name="base" />
 <block name="title"><title>{$title}</title></block>
 <block name="menu">
 <a href="/" >首页</a>
 <a href="/info/" >资讯</a>
 <a href="/bbs/" >论坛</a>
 </block>
 <block name="left"></block>
 <block name="content">
 <volist name="list" id="vo">
 <a href="/new/{$vo.id}">{$vo.title}</a><br/>
{$vo.content}
 </volist>
 </block>
 <block name="right">

最新资讯：

 <volist name="news" id="new">
 <a href="/new/{$new.id}">{$new.title}</a><br/>
 </volist>
 </block>
 <block name="footer">
@ThinkPHP2012 版权所有
 </block>

可以看到，子模板中使用了extend标签定义需要继承的模板，extend标签的用法和include标签一样，你也可以加载其他模板：

<extend name="Public:base" />

或者使用绝对文件路径加载

<extend name="./Tpl/Public/base.html" />

在当前子模板中，只能定义区块而不能定义其他的模板内容，否则将会直接忽略，并且只能定义基础模板中已经定义的区块。
例如，如果采用下面的定义：

<block name="title"><title>{$title}</title></block>
 <a href="/" >首页</a>
 <a href="/info/" >资讯</a>
 <a href="/bbs/" >论坛</a>

导航部分将是无效的，不会显示在模板中。

在子模板中，可以对基础模板中的区块进行重载定义，如果没有重新定义的话，则表示沿用基础模板中的区块定义，如果定义了一个空的区块，则表示删除基础模板中的该区块内容。
上面的例子，我们就把left区块的内容删除了，其他的区块都进行了重载。
子模板中的区块定义顺序是随意的，模板继承的用法关键在于基础模板如何布局和设计规划了，如果结合原来的布局功能，则会更加灵活。

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