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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialDex – MongoDB索引优化工具

通过上面两步,我们能够对一个查询可能使用索引的情况有一个了解。Dex会生成一个此查询的最佳索引。如果这个索引不存在,并且查询

Dex是一个开源的 MongoDB 优化工具,它通过对查询日志和当前数据库索引进行分析,向管理员提出高效的索引优化策略。

快速入门 安装pip install dex 开始监控dex -f mongodb.log mongodb://localhost

在监控过程中,dex会通过stderr输出推荐的结果

{ "index": "{'simpleIndexedField': 1, 'simpleUnindexedFieldThree': 1}", "namespace": "dex_test.test_collection" "shellCommand": "db.test_collection.ensureIndex( {'simpleIndexedField': 1, 'simpleUnindexedFieldThree': 1}, {'background': true})" }

还会输出一些统计信息

Total lines read: 7 Understood query lines: 7 Unique recommendations: 5 Lines impacted by recommendations: 5

我们看到,在输出结果中,有一个shellCommand字段,里面就是添加索引的语句,,如果你觉得dex的推荐不错,就可以直接复制这段脚本在MongoDB上添加索引了。相当方便。

除了运行过程中会向stderr中输出信息名,在运行结束后,推荐信息还会打包成一个大的JSON对象在stdout中输出一次。

工作原理

Dex在运行过程中主要会进行下面三个步骤。

  • 解析query
  • 通过已存在的索引对当前query进行判断
  • 如果发现索引不当,就推荐合适的索引
  • 第一步:解析query

    Dex会对查询query进行解析,分成下面几大类

  • EQUIV – 普通按数值进行的查询,比如:{a: 1}
  • SORT – sort操作,比如: .sort({a: 1})
  • RANGE – 范围查询,比如:Specifically: ‘$ne’, ‘$gt’, ‘$lt’, ‘$gte’, ‘$lte’, ‘$in’, ‘$nin’, ‘$all’, ‘$not’
  • UNSUPPORTED
  • 组合式查询,比如:$and, $or, $nor
  • 除了RANGE之外的嵌套查询
  • 第二步:判断当前索引情况

    有两个标准来找出查询所需的索引。

  • Coverage (none, partial, full) - Coverage表示索引的情况,有括号中的三个值。none表示完全无索引覆盖。full表示query中的字段都能找到索引。partial表示none和full之间的情况。
  • Order (ideal or not) - Order是用于判断索引的顺序是否理想。理想的索引顺序应该是:
    Equivalence ○ Sort ○ Range
    值得注意的是,对地理位置索引只会进行分析,但是不会提出改进建议。
  • 第三步:推荐合适的索引

    通过上面两步,我们能够对一个查询可能使用索引的情况有一个了解。Dex会生成一个此查询的最佳索引。如果这个索引不存在,并且查询情况不包括上面提到的UNSUPPORTED,那么Dex就会做出相应的索引优化建议。

    Dex未来还会推出很多新功能,比如使用system.profile日志来进行推荐,支持地理索引等等。详情可见其项目主页。

    Dex的详细介绍:请点这里
    Dex的下载地址:请点这里

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