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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial详解PHP导入导出CSV文件_php实例

我们先准备mysql数据表,假设项目中有一张记录学生信息的表student,并有id,name,sex,age分别记录学生的姓名、性别、年龄等信息。

复制代码 代码如下:

CREATE TABLE `student` (  
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,  
    `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL,  
    `sex` varchar(10) NOT NULL,  
    `age` smallint(3) NOT NULL default '0',  
    PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)  
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 

我们还需要一个html交互页面,放置导入表单和导出按钮。

复制代码 代码如下:

 
   

请选择要导入的CSV文件:
    class="btn" value="导入CSV"> 
   

 
 

选择好本地csv文件后,点击导入,提交到do.php?action=import处理,而点击导出按钮则请求地址do.php?action=export进行数据导出处理。

1.导入CSV
do.php需要根据get过来的参数,分别处理导入和导出过程,php结构如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

include_once ("connect.php"); //连接数据库  
$action = $_GET['action'];  
if ($action == 'import') //导入CSV  
{  
    //导入处理  
}elseif($action=='export') //导出CSV  
{  
    //导出处理   

导入CSV处理流程:校验csv文件合法性(本文忽略)->打开读入并解析csv文件中的字段->循环获取各字段值->批量添加到数据表中->完成。

复制代码 代码如下:

if ($action == 'import') { //导入CSV  
    $filename = $_FILES['file']['tmp_name'];  
    if(emptyempty ($filename))  
    {  
        echo '请选择要导入的CSV文件!';  
        exit;  
    }  
    $handle = fopen($filename, 'r');  
    $result = input_csv($handle); //解析csv  
    $len_result = count($result);  
    if($len_result==0)  
    {  
        echo '没有任何数据!';  
        exit;  
    }  
    for($i = 1; $i     {  
        $name = iconv('gb2312', 'utf-8', $result[$i][0]); //中文转码  
        $sex = iconv('gb2312', 'utf-8', $result[$i][1]);  
        $age = $result[$i][2];  
        $data_values .= "('$name','$sex','$age'),";  
    }  
    $data_values = substr($data_values,0,-1); //去掉最后一个逗号  
    fclose($handle); //关闭指针  
    $query = mysql_query("insert into student (name,sex,age) values $data_values"); //批量插入数据表中  
    if($query)  
    {  
        echo '导入成功!';  
    }else{  
        echo '导入失败!';  
    }  

注意php自带的fgetcsv函数可以轻松处理csv,使用该函数可以从文件指针中读入一行并解析CSV字段。下面的函数将csv文件字段解析并以数组的形式返回。

复制代码 代码如下:

function input_csv($handle)  
{  
    $out = array ();  
    $n = 0;  
    while ($data = fgetcsv($handle, 10000))  
    {  
        $num = count($data);  
        for ($i = 0; $i         {  
            $out[$n][$i] = $data[$i];  
        }  
        $n++;  
    }  
    return $out;  

此外在导入到数据库中时,我们采用的是批量插入而不是一条条插入的,因此在构建SQL语句时,要稍作处理,见代码。

2.导出CSV

我们知道csv文件是由逗号分割符组成的纯文本文件,你可以用excel打开,效果跟xls表个一样。
导出CSV处理流程:读取学生信息表->循环记录构建逗号分隔的字段信息->设置header信息->导出文件(下载)到本地

复制代码 代码如下:

...  
}elseif ($action=='export') //导出CSV  
{  
    $result = mysql_query("select * from student order by id asc");  
    $str = "姓名,性别,年龄\n";  
    $str = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$str);  
    while($row=mysql_fetch_array($result))  
    {  
        $name = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$row['name']); //中文转码  
        $sex = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$row['sex']);  
        $str .= $name.",".$sex.",".$row['age']."\n"; //用引文逗号分开  
    }  
    $filename = date('Ymd').'.csv'; //设置文件名  
    export_csv($filename,$str); //导出  

要将数据导出到本地即下在,需要修改header信息,代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

function export_csv($filename,$data)  
{  
    header("Content-type:text/csv");  
    header("Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=".$filename);  
    header('Cache-Control:must-revalidate,post-check=0,pre-check=0');  
    header('Expires:0');  
    header('Pragma:public');  
    echo $data;  
}

注意导入和导出的过程中,因为我们使用的是统一UTF-8编码,遇到中文字符一定要记得转码,否则可能会出现中文乱码的情况。
好了,本文讲解到此,后面我还会有文章介绍PHP结合mysql导入导出excel,以及xml的导入导出,敬请关注。

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