使用RMAN进行恢复 1、使用restore命令 读取备份文件里的数据块,根据数据块所属的数据文件,将这些数据块放回到相应的数据文件里
使用RMAN进行恢复
1、使用restore命令
读取备份文件里的数据块,根据数据块所属的数据文件,将这些数据块放回到相应的数据文件里面去,从而完成还原工作
2、使用recover命令
把那些从备份以来生成的归档日志文件以及联机重做日志文件应用到还原出来的数据文件上,从而把数据库从备份的时间点恢复到最新的或者指定的时间点。
完全恢复
1、分为归档和非归档模式,如果目标数据库是非归档模式,那么数据库需要在mount状态进行恢复
2、如果是归档模式,只要不是恢复系统表空间或undo表空间以及控制文件,而是恢复其他数据文件,数据库在打开的状态下就可以进行
如果控制文件和spfile都丢失,那么必须先还原spfile,再还原控制文件
启用了自动备份控制文件,且备份集位于闪回恢复区域
1、每次备份时,都会自动备份控制文件和spfile,并将这两种文件放在同一个备份集中。如果我们失去了spfile,则需要还原该文件,那么实例需要启动到nomount状态,控制文件可以不打开。
2、启动实例时,,我们需要借助一个参数文件,该参数文件的内容不要求很完整,只要能够将数据库启动到nomount状态即可。
控制文件和spfile所在的备份集位于闪回恢复区,该区域的文件名是随机生成的,因此,要从其中恢复spfile,必须仔细找到spfile所在的最新备份集。因为没有从控制文件中得到备份信息,因此需要手工的寻找spfile所在备份集的名字。
一般控制文件和spfile都在一个备份集中,而且文件比较小,大都比较小,一般在10M以下。找到备份集以后,执行命令进行恢复。
具体流程就是
1、寻找spfile和控制文件所在的备份集,然后恢复出来。
RMAN> restore spfile to ‘Your spfile path’ from ‘Your spfile backupset path’;
如果没有指定spfile的恢复路径,默认恢复到$Oracle_HOME/dbs目录中去.
还原控制文件和spfile的步骤都是一样的
1、找到spfile所在的路径
2、找到文件所在的备份集
3、使用命令restore spfile from ‘备份集的路径名称’
4、使用命令restore controlfile from ‘备份集的路径名称’
分为几种情况
1、启用了自动备份控制文件,而且备份集位于闪回恢复区
随便找一个ora文件将数据库启动到nomount状态,因为闪回恢复区的文件名字是数据库自己管理的,因此我们只能尝试着使用每一个备份片,使用restore进行恢复尝试。
2、启用了自动备份控制文件,且备份集位于不同的指定路径中,那么备份集的名字和路径一定是按照我们指定的format参数来命名的。
我们直接可以使用下面的命令进行恢复
获得dbid的方式有两种
1、通过自动备份控制文件的名字获得
2、通过mount数据库以后的select dbid from v$database
将spfile还原出来,然后转换成为pfile

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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