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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP魔术方法的使用示例_php实例

① __get/__set:将对象的属性进行接管

当访问一个不存在的对象属性时:

index.php

复制代码 代码如下:

define('BASEDIR',__DIR__); //定义根目录常量
include BASEDIR.'/Common/Loader.php';
spl_autoload_register('\\Common\\Loader::autoload');

$obj = new \Common\Object(); 

//在php中访问一个不存在的对象属性时
echo $obj->title;

会抛出一个错误:Notice: Undefined property: Common\Object::$title in D:\practise\php\design\psr0\index.php on line 9

当在Common/Object.php 中添加 __set 和 __get 方法后

Object.php

复制代码 代码如下:

namespace Common;

class Object{
    function __set($key,$value){
    }
   
    function __get($key){
    }
}

再执行 index.php,不会再报错。

再次修改 Common/Object.php

复制代码 代码如下:

namespace Common;

class Object{
    protected $array = array();
   
    function __set($key,$value){
        var_dump(__METHOD__);
        $this->array[$key] = $value;
    }
   
    function __get($key){
        var_dump(__METHOD__);
        return $this->array[$key];
    }
}


index.php
复制代码 代码如下:

define('BASEDIR',__DIR__); //定义根目录常量
include BASEDIR.'/Common/Loader.php';
spl_autoload_register('\\Common\\Loader::autoload');

$obj = new \Common\Object(); 

$obj->title = 'hello';
echo $obj->title;

执行 index.php,页面输出:

复制代码 代码如下:

string 'Common\Object::__set' (length=20)
string 'Common\Object::__get' (length=20)
hello

② __call/__callStatic:控制 PHP 对象方法的调用(__callStatic 用来控制类的静态方法)

当执行一个不存在的php方法时

index.php:

复制代码 代码如下:

define('BASEDIR',__DIR__); //定义根目录常量
include BASEDIR.'/Common/Loader.php';
spl_autoload_register('\\Common\\Loader::autoload');

$obj = new \Common\Object(); 

//当执行一个不存在的php方法时
$obj->test('hello',123);

执行 index.php 会报一个致命错误:Fatal error: Call to undefined method Common\Object::test() in D:\practise\php\design\psr0\index.php on line 9

如果在 Common/Object 中定义一个__call 方法,则会在方法不存在时自动回调:

复制代码 代码如下:

namespace Common;

class Object{   
    function __call($func, $param){ //$func 方法名 $param 参数
        var_dump($func, $param);
        return "magic function\n"; //返回一个字符串作为返回值
    }
}

index.php

复制代码 代码如下:

define('BASEDIR',__DIR__); //定义根目录常量
include BASEDIR.'/Common/Loader.php';
spl_autoload_register('\\Common\\Loader::autoload');

$obj = new \Common\Object(); 

//当执行一个不存在的php方法时
echo $obj->test('hello',123);

页面输出:

复制代码 代码如下:

string 'test' (length=4)
array
  0 => string 'hello' (length=5)
  1 => int 123
magic function

当调用一个不存在的静态方法时

Common/Object.php

复制代码 代码如下:

namespace Common;

class Object{
    static function __callStatic($name, $arguments) {
        var_dump($name, $arguments);
        return "magic function\n"; //返回一个字符串作为返回值       
    }
}

注意:__callStatic 方法也要声明成静态方法

index.php

复制代码 代码如下:

define('BASEDIR',__DIR__); //定义根目录常量
include BASEDIR.'/Common/Loader.php';
spl_autoload_register('\\Common\\Loader::autoload');

//执行一个不存在的静态方法
echo Common\Object::test("hello",1234);

执行 index.php ,页面输出:

复制代码 代码如下:

string 'test' (length=4)
array
  0 => string 'hello' (length=5)
  1 => int 1234
magic function

③ __toString:将一个 PHP 对象转换成一个字符串

index.php

复制代码 代码如下:

define('BASEDIR',__DIR__); //定义根目录常量
include BASEDIR.'/Common/Loader.php';
spl_autoload_register('\\Common\\Loader::autoload');

$obj = new \Common\Object();

echo $obj;

此时会报错: Catchable fatal error: Object of class Common\Object could not be converted to string in D:\practise\php\design\psr0\index.php on line 8

在 Object.php 中添加 __toString 方法

复制代码 代码如下:

namespace Common;

class Object{
    function __toString() {
        return __CLASS__;
    }
}

④ __invoke:将一个 PHP 对象当成一个函数来执行时,会回调此魔术方法

index.php

复制代码 代码如下:

define('BASEDIR',__DIR__); //定义根目录常量
include BASEDIR.'/Common/Loader.php';
spl_autoload_register('\\Common\\Loader::autoload');

$obj = new \Common\Object();

echo $obj("test");


Object.php
复制代码 代码如下:

namespace Common;

class Object{
    function __invoke($param) {
        var_dump($param);
        return 'invoke';
    }
}

页面输出:

复制代码 代码如下:

string 'test' (length=4)
invoke
Statement
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