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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle基础教程:单行函数—null值处理函数

null值是一个很特别的值,既不是0也不是空格.它的值是没有定义,不确定的未知值比如一个案件的追踪表,警方在对犯罪分子一无所知,但

null值
是一个很特别的值,既不是0也不是空格.它的值是没有定义,不确定的未知值
比如一个案件的追踪表,警方在对犯罪分子一无所知,但在犯罪分子性别一栏不是男就是女,只是此时还不确定
就可以把性别栏设置为未知,当案件侦破到一定程度,警方知道了犯罪分子的性别,既从未知变成了已知.也就是由NULL变成男或女
 

idle> select ename,job,sal,comm from emp where ename in ('SMITH','WARD');

ENAME    JOB      SAL       COMM
---------- --------- ---------- ----------
SMITH    CLERK     800
WARD    SALESMAN    1250        500

idle>

如上查询结果中 comm 列,一般职员没有奖金,而销售时有奖金的.
这时统计销售人员的薪金就需要加上奖金

idle> select ename,job,sal,comm,sal+comm from emp where ename in ('SMITH','WARD');

ENAME    JOB      SAL       COMM   SAL+COMM
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH    CLERK     800
WARD    SALESMAN    1250        500  1750

idle>

结果显示 sal + comm为NULL的值 还为NULL

我们再去打印COMM为NULL值的员工工资
idle> select ename,sal from emp where comm = NULL;

no rows selected

idle>
结果却是没有选中
可见,NULL值为未知 不可以参与运算和比较
正确的写法如下:
idle> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm is  NULL;

ENAME    SAL     COMM
---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH    800
JONES   2975
BLAKE   2850
CLARK   2450
SCOTT   3000
KING   5000
ADAMS   1100
JAMES    950
FORD   3000
MILLER   1300

10 rows selected.

idle>

idle> select ename,sal,comm from emp where comm is not  NULL;

ENAME    SAL     COMM
---------- ---------- ----------
ALLEN   1600      300
WARD   1250      500
MARTIN   1250     1400
TURNER   1500        0

idle>

如果要做运算 可以用NVL NVL2 nullif函数先置为0
NVL(表达式1,表达式2)
 如果表达式1是NULL,则返回表达式2
 如果表达式1非NULL,则返回表达式1
 表达式1和表达式2可以是数字,字符串,日期格式,1和2的数据类型必须一致
idle> select ename,job,sal,comm,sal+NVL(comm,0) from emp where ename in ('SMITH','WARD');

ENAME    JOB      SAL       COMM SAL+NVL(COMM,0)
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
SMITH    CLERK     800          800
WARD    SALESMAN    1250        500       1750

idle>

 

NVL2(expr1,expr2,expr3)
 如果expr1为空,则返回expr3,否则返回expr2


idle> select ename,job,sal,comm,sal+NVL2(comm,comm,0) from emp where ename in ('SMITH','WARD');

ENAME    JOB      SAL       COMM SAL+NVL2(COMM,COMM,0)
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------------
SMITH    CLERK     800         800
WARD    SALESMAN    1250        500      1750

idle>

NULLIF(expr1,expr2)
 如果expr1和expr2相同,则返回空,否则返回expr1
idle> select ename,NULLIF(ename,'KING') from emp where ename in ('SCOTT','KING');

ENAME    NULLIF(ENA
---------- ----------
SCOTT    SCOTT
KING

idle>

空值的排序 升序会排在最后 降序排在最前
idle> select ename,sal,comm from emp where ename in ('KING','WARD') order by comm;

ENAME    SAL     COMM
---------- ---------- ----------
WARD   1250      500
KING   5000

idle> select ename,sal,comm from emp where ename in ('KING','WARD') order by comm desc;

ENAME    SAL     COMM
---------- ---------- ----------
KING   5000
WARD   1250      500

idle>

COALESCE(expr1,expr2,expr3,...)
 返回第一个非空的表达式
SQL> select coalesce('','a','','b') from dual;

C
-
a

SQL> select coalesce('','','','b') from dual;

C
-
b

SQL>

linux

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