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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle数据库的启动和关闭方式小结

非安装启动,这种方式启动下可执行:重建控制文件、重建数据库 启动instance,即启动SGA和后台进程,这种启动只需要init.

一、几种启动方式:

1、startup nomount 

   非安装启动,这种方式启动下可执行:重建控制文件、重建数据库 

   启动instance,即启动SGA和后台进程,这种启动只需要init.ora文件。 

2、startup mount dbname 

  安装启动,这种方式启动下可执行:数据库日志归档、数据库恢复、重新命名一些数据库文件    如:系统表空间或日志文件。    执行“nomount”,然后打开控制文件 

3、startup open dbname 

 先执行“nomount”,然后执行“mount”,再打开包括Redo log文件在内的所有数据库文件,  这种方式下可访问数据库中的数据。 

4、startup,等于以下三个命令    

startup nomount 

 alter database mount 

 alter database open 

5、startup restrict 

   约束方式启动    这种方式能够启动数据库,但只允许具有一定特权的用户访问 非特权用户访问时,会出现以下提示: 

 ERROR:  ORA-01035: Oracle 只允许具有 RESTRICTED SESSION 权限的用户使用 

6、startup force 

   强制启动方式   当不能关闭数据库时,可以用startup force来完成数据库的关闭    先关闭数据库,再执行正常启动数据库命令 

7、startup pfile=参数文件名 

   带初始化参数文件的启动方式    先读取参数文件,再按参数文件中的设置启动数据库 

   例:startup pfile=E:\Oracle\admin\oradb\pfile\init.ora 

8、startup EXCLUSIVE 

PS:启动时可能会报错: ORA-12514: TNS: 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务,改为:

SQL> conn / as sysdba

已连接到空闲例程。

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE 例程已经启动。

 

二、几种关闭方式:

1、shutdown normal    正常方式关闭数据库。 

2、shutdown immediate   立即方式关闭数据库。 

   在SVRMGRL中执行shutdown immediate,,数据库并不立即关闭, 

   而是在Oracle执行某些清除工作后才关闭(终止会话、释放会话资源), 

   当使用shutdown不能关闭数据库时,shutdown immediate可以完成数据库关闭的操作。 

3、shutdown abort   直接关闭数据库,正在访问数据库的会话会被突然终止, 

   如果数据库中有大量操作正在执行,这时执行shutdown abort后,重新启动数据库需要很长时间。

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