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搭建MongoDB Sharding集群

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2016-06-07 17:10:141037browse

从1.6版本起,MongoDB开始正式支持Sharding同时,MongoDB也推出了Replica Sets,用以替代之前版本的Replica Pairs通过把Sharding

从1.6版本起,MongoDB开始正式支持Sharding

同时,MongoDB也推出了Replica Sets,用以替代之前版本的Replica Pairs

通过把Sharding和Replica Sets相结合,我们可以搭建一个分布式的,高可用性,自动水平扩展的集群

一个典型的集群结构如下:

集群由以下3个服务组成:

  • Shards Server: 每个shard由一个或多个mongod进程组成,用于存储数据
  • Config  Server: 用于存储集群的Metadata信息,包括每个Shard的信息和chunks信息
  • Route   Server: 用于提供路由服务,由Client连接,使整个Cluster看起来像单个DB服务器
  • 另外,Chunks是指MongoDB中一段连续的数据块,默认大小是200M,一个Chunk位于其中一台Shard服务器上

    下面,,搭建一个Cluster,它由4台服务器组成,包括2个Shard,3个Config,1个Route

    其中每个Shard由一个Replica Set组成,每个Replica Set由2个Mongod节点,1个vote节点组成

    以下是搭建配置的过程:

    1. 四台服务器分别启动相应的Mongod进程:

    192.168.95.216
    /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10000 –replSet set1 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data  –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod.log
    /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10001 –replSet set2 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data1  –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod1.log

    192.168.95.217
    /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10000 –replSet set1 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data  –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod.log

    192.168.95.218
    /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10000 –replSet set2 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data  –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod.log
    /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10001 –replSet set1 –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_data1  –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongod1.log

    192.168.95.137
    /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod –fork –shardsvr –port 10000 –replSet set2 –dbpath /opt/mongodb_data  –logpath /opt/mongodb_log/mongod.log

    2. 分别配置2组Replica Sets:

    192.168.95.216
    mongo –port 10000
        config = {_id: 'set1', members: [
            {_id: 0, host: '192.168.95.216:10000'},
            {_id: 1, host: '192.168.95.217:10000'},
            {_id: 1, host: '192.168.95.218:10001', arbiterOnly: true}
        ]}
        rs.initiate(config)
        rs.status()

    192.168.95.218
    mongo –port 10000
        config = {_id: 'set2', members: [
            {_id: 0, host: '192.168.95.218:10000'},
            {_id: 1, host: '192.168.95.137:10000'},
            {_id: 1, host: '192.168.95.216:10001', arbiterOnly: true}
        ]}
        rs.initiate(config)
        rs.status()

    注意:2台Server上的10001对应的Mongod,它们只负责在某个node down掉后,进行vote选举新的master,它们本身并不存储数据备份

    3.配置3台Config Servers:

    mongod –configsvr –fork –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/config.log –dbpath /pvdata/mongodb_config_data –port 20000

    4.配置1台Route Server:

    192.168.95.216
    /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongos –fork –chunkSize 1 –configdb "192.168.95.216:20000,192.168.95.217:20000,192.168.95.218:20000" –logpath /pvdata/mongodb_log/mongos.log

    chunkSize参数用来设置chunk块的大小,这里为了测试,设置成1M

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