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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial在Mac OS的PHP环境下安装配置MemCache的全过程解析_php实例

安装服务端
memcache是项目名,而在服务端的驻留进程叫memcached(linux的守护进程一般都是在后面加个d)。在OSX下使用brew可以快速安装memcache:

$ sudo brew install memcached

memcache的依赖:openssl和libevent会自动下载并安装。

安装完成后,使用如下命令启动:

$ sudo memcached -m 32 -p 11211 -d

安装php扩展
使用php操作memcache前,需要安装php的扩展,php的扩展有两个可以选择memcache和memcached,这里就安装比较经典的前者。从这里选择一个版本下载源码压缩包,解压,进入到源码目录后执行:

$ sudo phpize

phpize是帮助用来在已编译好的php外,编译php扩展用的脚本,用来生成configure、make等文件。有时执行这个命令会报错:

Cannot find autoconf. Please check your autoconf installation and the
$PHP_AUTOCONF environment variable. Then, rerun this script.

缺少依赖,那就安装咯,还是使用brew:

$ sudo brew install autoconf
phpize完成后,依次实行如下命令实现编译和安装:

$ sudo ./configure
$ sudo make
$ sudo make install

编译好的memcache.so一般被安装到如下目录:

Installing shared extensions: /usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-xxxxxx/

这样就可以在php.ini中配置这个扩展了:

extension=/usr/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-xxxxxx/memcache.so

打开phpinfo()页面,查看memcache是否已经加载成功:

2016215145706052.jpg (638×345)

设置yii
这样其实已经可以在php中直接使用memcache了,这里就不累述了,如果在yii中使用,则需要添加一个组件:

'components'=>array(

  'cache'=>array(
    'class'=>'CMemCache',
    'servers'=>array(
      array(
        'host'=>'127.0.0.1',
        'port'=>11211
      )
    ),
  ),
...

关于更多的yii配置请参阅其文档。最后,在yii中使用memcache:

Yii::app()->cache->set('key1','value1');
Yii::app()->cache->get('key1');

memcached使用示例
将纯粹使用数据库查询的代码加上memcached支持是很简单的,假设这是原来的代码:

function get_foo (int userid) {
  result = db_select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE userid = ?", userid);
  return result;
}

加上memcached的缓存机制后:

function get_foo (int userid) {
  result = memcached_fetch("userrow:" + userid);
  if (!result) {
    result = db_select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE userid = ?", userid);
    memcached_add("userrow:" + userid, result);
  }
  return result;
}

上述的程序会先到memcached检查是否有userrow:userid的数据,如果有则直接传回结果,如果不存在时再去数据库查询,并将结果放到memcached内。

在memcached内已经有缓存信息时将数据库的数据更新后,上述的程序会抓到旧的数据,这是属于Cache coherency的问题。其中一种解决的方法是在更新数据库时,同时更新memcached内的信息:

function update_foo(int userid, string dbUpdateString) {
  result = db_execute(dbUpdateString);
  if (result) {
    data = createUserDataFromDBString(dbUpdateString);
    memcached_set("userrow:"+userid, data);
  }
}

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