1.Oracle10g数据库文件的收缩: 1.1 问题: 一个数据库里面有上百万条数据,使用Delete语句删除大部分数据后,数据库文件所
1.Oracle10g数据库文件的收缩:
1.1 问题:
一个数据库里面有上百万条数据,使用Delete语句删除大部分数据后,数据库文件所占空间并不会缩小释放多余的空间。
如使用RESIZE语句对数据文件大小做调整,如下:
>ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'D:/Oracle10g/oradata/ORDB/NEWDB.ORA' RESIZE 100M;
则会报一个错误:ORA-03297: 文件包含在请求的 RESIZE 值以外使用的数据。
这主要涉及到Oracle的逻辑存储和段空间管理以及数据库块中的数据分布。
Oralce有一个High Water Mark(高水位线),它表示Oracle对象使用空间最高水位线。
当插入了数据以后,HWM就会上涨;Delete语句删除数据后,HWH并没有降低。
HWH数据库块分布在调整范围之外,此时使用RESIZE命令会报错。
1.2 方法:
网上查到资料说通过Move Tablespace移动表和索引后,可以重置表的HWH,然后再使用Resize就可以缩减数据库文件。
但我在Oracle10g中尝试多次,都没有成功。另外,数据库如果有Long型的字段,是不能使用Move命令的。
好在是Oracle10g,有shrink! :)
Shrink的语法如下:
--------------------
alter table
alter table
说明:收缩表,移动块中数据位置到一起,但 High Water Mark 保持不变
alter table
说明:收缩表,降低 High Water Mark
alter table
说明:收缩表,降低 High Water Mark,并且把相关索引也收缩一下。
alter index idxname shrink space;
说明:回缩索引
--------------------
1.3 操作:
对所有表空间中的所有表执行一次shrink命令,需要根据shrink语法,构造shrink命令。
此时,为了构建shrink命令,可以使用如下SQL语句来查询表空间数据库文件的File_ID:
---------------------
select * from dba_data_files;
---------------------
另外,在执行shrink前,必须开启数据表的行迁移功能,SQL语句如下:
---------------------
alter table Tbl_Name enable row movement;
---------------------
注意:该SQL语句会造成引用表Tbl_Name的对象(如存储过程、包、视图等)变为无效,后续需要重新编译一次确认是否有效。
构造shrink命令,建立create_shrink.sql文件,其内容如下:
-------------------
set heading off;
set echo off;
set feedback off;
set termout on;
spool c:/shrink.sql;
select 'alter table THAMS.'|| table_name || ' enable row movement; ' from user_tables where tablespace_name='THAMS';
select 'alter table THAMS.'|| table_name || ' shrink space CASCADE;' from user_tables where tablespace_name='THAMS';
select 'alter index THAMS.'|| segment_name || ' shrink space;' from dba_extents where segment_type='INDEX' and file_id=14;
spool off;
-------------------
以表空间的默认用户THAMS登录数据库,,成功执行create_shrink.sql后,得到shrink.sql文件。
以sys/system身份登录数据库,执行shrink.sql文件后,在OEMC中查看表空间,会发现数据库表空间的“已使用”比例大大下降。
此时,再经过EXP/IMP后,会得到一个占用空间很小的数据库文件。

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