当数据库服务器建立好以后,我们首先要做的不是考虑要在这个支持数据库的服务器运行哪些受MySQL提携的程序,而是当数据库遭到破坏
当数据库服务器建立好以后,我们首先要做的不是考虑要在这个支持数据库的服务器运行哪些受MySQL提携的程序,而是当数据库遭到破坏后,怎样安然恢复到最后一次正常的状态,使得数据的损失达到最小。
或者说,仅仅是数据库服务器的建立,只能说明它能做些什么,并不代表它能稳定的做些什么。灾难恢复的效率及全面性,也是系统的稳定性的一个准因素,尤其对于一个服务器系统。
这一节,介绍数据库自动备份以及数据库被破坏后的恢复的方法。在这里,我们使用mysqlhotcopy,并且定义一段Shell脚本来实现数据库的自动备份,并且,让整个数据自动备份与数据恢复过程都基于Shell。
建立数据库备份所需条件
[1] 建立自动备份脚本
在这里,为了使数据库备份和恢复的符合我们的实际要求,用一段符合要求的Shell脚本来实现整个备份过程的自动化。
[root@sample ~]# vi mysql-backup.sh ← 建立数据库自动备份脚本,,如下:
#声明SHELL 和执行路径
#!/bin/bash
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin
# 设定备份的目录
BACKDIR=/backup/mysql
# 设置ROOT的密码
ROOTPASS=******** ← 将星号替换成MySQL的root密码
# 重做备份目录
rm -rf $BACKDIR
mkdir -p $BACKDIR
# 获得数据库名字
DBLIST=`ls -p /var/lib/mysql | grep / | tr -d /` #tr - translate or delete characters[ -d, --delete]
# 备份数据库
for dbname in $DBLIST
do
mysqlhotcopy $dbname -u root -p $ROOTPASS $BACKDIR | logger -t mysqlhotcopy
done
[2] 运行数据库自动备份脚本
[root@sample ~]# chmod 700 mysql-backup.sh ← 改变脚本属性,让其只能让root用户执行
[root@sample ~]# ./mysql-backup.sh ← 运行脚本
[root@sample ~]# ls -l /backup/mysql/ ← 确认一下是否备份成功
total 8
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 1 16:54 mysql ← 已成功备份到/backup/mysql目录中
[3] 让数据库备份脚本每天自动运行
[root@sample ~]# crontab -e ← 编辑自动运行规则(然后会出现编辑窗口,操作同vi)
00 03 * * * /root/mysql-backup.sh ← 添加这一行到文件中,让数据库备份每天凌晨3点进行
测试自动备份正常运转与否(备份恢复的方法)这里,以通过实际操作的过程来介绍问题出现后的恢复方法。
[1] 当数据库被删除后的恢复方法
首先建立一个测试用的数据库。
[root@sample ~]# mysql -u root -p ← 用root登录到MySQL服务器
Enter password: ← 输入MySQL的root用户密码
#进入下面的BANNER
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8 to server version: 4.1.20
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
#BANNER结束
mysql> create database test; ← 建立一个测试用的数据库test
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test ← 连接到这个数据库
Database changed
mysql> create table test(num int, name varchar(50)); ← 在数据库中建立一个表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> insert into test values(1,'Hello,BSD'); ← 插入一个值到这个表(这里以“Hello,BSD”为例)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from test; ← 查看数据库中的内容
+------+-------------+
| num | name |
+------+-------------+
|1 | Hello,BSD | ← 确认刚刚插入到表中的值的存在
+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit ← 退出MySQL服务器
Bye

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.

MySQL is not a programming language, but its query language SQL has the characteristics of a programming language: 1. SQL supports conditional judgment, loops and variable operations; 2. Through stored procedures, triggers and functions, users can perform complex logical operations in the database.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

InnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

VSCode Windows 64-bit Download
A free and powerful IDE editor launched by Microsoft

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

WebStorm Mac version
Useful JavaScript development tools