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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialRedhat Enterprise Linux 5.6下安装Oracle 10g

注:所用Oracle版本为10g,所用Linux版本为RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.61、 检查系统是否已经安装了oracle需要的文件包rpm -q gc

注:所用Oracle版本为10g,所用Linux版本为RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.6

1、  检查系统是否已经安装了oracle需要的文件包

rpm -q gcc make binutils openmotif setarch compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel libXp

由于缺失的包之间有严格的依赖关系,所以必须按照如下顺序安装缺失的包
rpm -Uvh compat-db-4*
rpm -Uvh libaio-0*
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3*
rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2.5-12.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.5-12.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-3*
rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-c++-3*
rpm -Uvh libXp-1*
rpm -Uvh openmotif-2*
rpm -Uvh gcc-4*
rpm -Uvh glibc-2.5-12.i686.rpm
rpm -Uvh libgomp-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh gcc-4.1.1-52.el5.i386.rpm
安装完成后仍然提示部分包没有安装,,不过不影响使用
package compat-gcc is not installed
package compat-gcc-c++ is not installed
package compat-libstdc++ is not installed
package compat-libstdc++-devel is not installed

2、  增加Oracle安装和使用的用户
(1) 新增组和用户
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
(2) 创建Oracle的安装目录,并把权限付给oracle用户,其实创建用户后就已经有该文件了
mkdir -p /home/oracle/  (以递归的方式创建文件夹)
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
chmod -R 775 /home/oracle

3、  修改配置文件
(1) /etc/sysctl.conf  行末添加以下内容,已有的修改
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphors: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144


运行下面的命令使得内核参数生效
/sbin/sysctl -p

(2) /etc/security/limits.conf  行末添加以下内容
#use for oracle
#* soft nproc 2047
#* hard nproc 16384
#* soft nofile 1024
#* hard nofile 65536

(3) /etc/pam.d/login  行末添加以下内容
session required pam_limits.so

(4) /etc/selinux/config
更改 SELINUX=disabled 关闭防火墙,必须的

(5) bash_profile 在创建用户后在用户的目录下有一个.bash_profile(使用Oracle用户)
并在文件中增加如下内容
(ORACLE_BASE是最重要的,他代表Oracle的安装路径)
(在安装时就可以创建数据库,如果安装完毕重启,则再启动监听时无法启动,则要注意ORACLE_HOME在数据库安装后要根据实际路径进行修改)

ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

 

还有一个参数:NLS_LANG 为数据库的字符集,为了保证数据库能够输入输出用户所在地区的正确的语言文字(如简体中文),需要在这里把字符集设为american_america.ZHS16GB  K,其中american_america为英文字符集,ZHS16GBK为中文字符集。

注意很多安装Oracle失败的情况都是因为环境变量没有配置正确,环境变量的配置直接影响到以后Oracle10g的安装和配置,在配置的时候要尤为小心!  

(6) 修改hosts文件
编辑 /etc/hosts。文件应当包含类似以下的文本:
127.0.0.1      localhost.localdomain    localhost  (将此注销)
192.168.203.11 stctestbox01.us.oracle.com stctestbox01(填写此处的IP)

更改修改/etc/redhat-release文件,因为Oracle10g数据库暂不支持RHEL5:
# vi /etc/redhat-release
# Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.6 (Tikanga)
redhat-4

安装完后改回来。

4、  切换到root权限,安装oracle

 

设置DISPLAY变量

DISPLAY变量,这个变量用于告诉系统屏幕的图  形将输出到什么位置,默认情况下是本机(export DISPLAY=:0.0);如果使用虚拟x-windows进行安装,则在这里指  明远程终端的显示情况,比如远程终端的IP地址是100.100.100.149,则DISPLAY的变量应  设为“100.100.100.149:0”后面的“:0”表示该终端的第一个显示器。 

 

xhost + (启用x-window)

xhost控制什么人可以访问当前主机上的增强 X-Windows。

xhost + 是使所有用户都能访问Xserver.

xhost + ip使ip上的用户能够访问Xserver.

xhost + nis:user@domain使domain上的nis用户user能够访问

xhost + inet:user@domain使domain上的inet用户能够访问

xhost 命令添加或删除 X 服务器接受连接的机器列表上的主机名。

 

解压(使用Oracle用户)
unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip -d /tmp/oracle


改权限
chown oracle /tmp/oracle
chmod -R  755 /tmp/oracle
su -oracle
到根目录下:./runInstaller
(如果安装时不创建数据库,可以在Oracle_HOME/bin 下运行 dbca 来创建和管理数据库)

注意:在安装包时请一条一条的执行命令。我发现在直接执行全部命令后中间的某条命令 会报错,说有依赖关系。这个时候你可以在安装包时加参数 --nodeps 就可以了。

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