lpad在Oracle/PLSQL中,lpad函数将左边的字符串填充一些特定的字符,其语法格式如下: lpad( string1, padded_length, [ pad_
lpad
在Oracle/PLSQL中,lpad函数将左边的字符串填充一些特定的字符,
其语法格式如下:
lpad( string1, padded_length, [ pad_string ] )
其中string1是需要粘贴字符的字符串
padded_length是返回的字符串的数量,如果这个数量比原字符串的长度要短,lpad函数将会把字符串截取成padded_length;
pad_string是个可选参数,这个字符串是要粘贴到string1的左边,如果这个参数未写,lpad函数将会在string1的左边粘贴空格。
例如:
lpad('tech', 7); 将返回' tech'
lpad('tech', 2); 将返回'te'
lpad('tech', 8, '0'); 将返回'0000tech'
lpad('tech on the net', 15, 'z'); 将返回 'tech on the net'
lpad('tech on the net', 16, 'z'); 将返回 'ztech on the net'
nvl
通过查询获得某个字段的合计值,如果这个值为null将给出一个预设的默认值
例如:
select nvl(sum(t.dwxhl),1)
from tb_jhde t
就表示如果sum(t.dwxhl) = NULL 就返回 1
另一个有关的有用方法
declare i integer
select nvl(sum(t.dwxhl),1) into i from tb_jhde t where zydm=-1这样就可以把获得的合计值存储到变量i中,如果查询的值为null就把它的值设置为默认的1
通过查询获得某个字段的合计值,,如果这个值位null将给出一个预设的默认值
select nvl(sum(t.dwxhl),1) from tb_jhde t where zydm=-1
这里关心的nvl的用法,nvl(arg,value)代表如果前面的arg的值为null那么返回的值为后面的value
另一个有关的有用方法
declare
i integer
select nvl(sum(t.dwxhl),1) into i from tb_jhde t where zydm=-1
这样就可以把获得的合计值存储到变量i中,如果查询的值为null就把它的值设置为默认的1
Upper()
功能将字符串中的小写字母转换为大写字母。
语法Upper( string )
参数string:要将其中的小写字母转换为大写字母的字符串返回值String。函数执行成功时返回将小写字母转换为大写字母后的字符串,发生错误时返回空字符串("")。如果string参数的值为NULL,Upper()函数返回NULL。
eg:select upper('AaCdD') from dual;
UPPER('AACDD')
Replace函数
描述
返回一个字符串,该字符串中指定的子字符串已被替换成另一子字符串,并且替换发生的次数也是指定的。
语法
Replace(expression, find, replacewith[, start[, count[, compare]]])
Replace函数语法有如下几部分:
部分 描述
expression 必需的。字符串表达式,包含要替换的子字符串。
find 必需的。要搜索到的子字符串。
replacewith 必需的。用来替换的子字符串。
start 可选的。在表达式中子字符串搜索的开始位置。如果忽略,假定从1开始。
count 可选的。子字符串进行替换的次数。如果忽略,缺省值是 -1,它表明进行所有可能的替换。
compare 可选的。数字值,表示判别子字符串时所用的比较方式。关于其值,请参阅“设置值”部分。
设置值
compare参数的设置值如下:
常数 值 描述
vbUseCompareOption -1 使用Option Compare语句的设置值来执行比较。
vbBinaryCompare 0 执行二进制比较。
vbTextCompare 1 执行文字比较。
vbDatabaseCompare 2 仅用于Microsoft Access。基于您的数据库的信息执行比较。
返回值
Replace的返回值如下:
如果 Replace返回值
expression长度为零 零长度字符串("")。
expression为Null 一个错误。
find长度为零 expression的复本。
replacewith长度为零 expression的复本,其中删除了所有出现的find 的字符串。
start > Len(expression) 长度为零的字符串。
count is 0 expression.的复本。
说明
Replace函数的返回值是一个字符串,但是,其中从start所指定的位置开始,到expression字符串的结尾处的一段子字符串已经发生过替换动作。
并不是原字符串从头到尾的一个复制。

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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