在AIX中进行各种参数命令配置,smitty是一个相当不错的工具选择。Smitty是一个运行在AIX上的辅助操作工具,将各种操作系统软硬件
Linux、AIX是我们运维环境中最常见的服务器操作系统。在理想情况下,配置好的应用程序是在一个稳定循环环境下运行的。一般不会发生过多的配置更改情况。但是,如果在规划期间没有合理进行各类型资源的配置(特别是存储),往往就需要运维人员的后期介入调整。
在AIX中进行各种参数命令配置,smitty是一个相当不错的工具选择。Smitty是一个运行在AIX上的辅助操作工具,将各种操作系统软硬件配置命令,转化为一系列目录表单样式进行操作。这样很好地减少了我们操作系统的复杂程度,也避免了误操作的出现。
本文主要介绍如何在AIX上使用Smitty进行逻辑卷创建和拓展管理。
1、LVM背景介绍
在AIX中,磁盘管理策略是一种Logical Volume Management的方法。简单的说,就是将存储划分为物理卷(Phsical Volume)、逻辑卷组(Logical Volume Group)和逻辑卷(Logical Volume)三个层次进行管理。
物理卷是我们最直观的磁盘或者分区,操作系统中可能有多种存储设备。在LVM中,都将其视为物理卷对象(PV)。
若干物理卷可以划归到一个逻辑组织中进行统一管理,这就是逻辑卷组(Logical Volume Group)。LVG类似于一个存储池,无论或大或小的PV被纳入到LVG中,都是进行统一管理。对使用者而言,LVG是一个统一的虚拟“存储”。在LVG内部,数据存储是以Physical Partition(PP)的方式进行划分管理。所以我们在度量LVM的容量的时候,PP个数是一个重要指标。
LVG是一个存储池对象,并不能直接作为存储。我们需要在LVG中划分出若干块进行使用,这就是LV(Logical Volume)。LV有自己的度量单位,和PP类似,,成为LP(Logical Partition)。通常PP和LP是相同的。
创建LV之后,还要将其和特定目录进行关联,这个过程成为加载mount。下面是一个比较典型的LV存储结构。
[root@TESTMIS:/]#df -g
Filesystem GB blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 4.00 3.08 24% 10688 2% /
/dev/hd2 5.00 2.81 44% 47602 7% /usr
/dev/hd9var 0.62 0.07 90% 11505 40% /var
/dev/hd3 10.00 3.67 64% 1948 1% /tmp
/dev/hd1 0.12 0.12 1% 5 1% /home
/dev/hd11admin 0.12 0.12 1% 5 1% /admin
/proc - - - - - /proc
/dev/hd10opt 0.50 0.25 50% 8980 14% /opt
/dev/livedump 0.25 0.25 1% 4 1% /var/adm/ras/livedump
File system中对应的各种磁盘,就是LV逻辑卷对象。使用LVM方法有很多好处,其中最大的就是可以动态进行空间拓展。比如,原有的LVG空间不足,可以直接加入一块新盘到LVG中,之后拓展extend逻辑卷空间。
2、环境介绍
下面我们就在AIX 6.1环境下进行创建和拓展试验。
[root@TESTMIS:/]#oslevel
6.1.0.0
当前系统中已经包括了两个逻辑卷组,分别为默认操作系统rootvg和testmisvg。
[root@TESTMIS:/]#lsvg
rootvg
testmisvg
[root@TESTMIS:/]#lspv
hdisk0 00f7fcc82bdccfa1 rootvg active
hdisk1 00f7fcc8839250c4 testmisvg active
(篇幅原因,有省略……)
各个LV对应AIX目录结构,都有自己的空间限额和使用情况。
[root@TESTMIS:/]#df -g
Filesystem GB blocks Free %Used Iused %Iused Mounted on
/dev/hd4 4.00 3.08 24% 10685 2% /
/dev/hd2 5.00 2.81 44% 47602 7% /usr
/dev/hd9var 0.62 0.07 90% 11504 40% /var
/dev/hd3 10.00 3.67 64% 1948 1% /tmp
/dev/hd1 0.12 0.12 1% 5 1% /home
(篇幅原因,有省略……)
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