DRBD:DistributedReplicatedBlockDevice分布式复制块设备,原理图如下DRBD有主双架构和双主架构的,当处于主从架构时,这个设备一定只有一个节点是可以读写的,
DRBD:Distributed Replicated Block Device 分布式复制块设备,原理图如下
DRBD有主双架构和双主架构的,当处于主从架构时,这个设备一定只有一个节点是可以读写的,另外的节点是不可读的,连挂载都不可能,只有一个节点是主的,其它节点都是从的。当做为主主架构时,需要达到几个条件,1.在高可用集群中启用DRBD; 2. 启用分布式文件锁功能,即需要把磁盘格式化为集群文件系统(如GFS2,OCFS2等);3. 把DRBD做成资源。
数据的存储过程:当某个进程存储数据时在内核中通过DRBD模块复制一分通过TCP/IP套接字发送到从节点上去,从节点的DRBD在套接字上接收数据并通过DRBD模块存储到磁盘,并把结果返回给主节点 。但是内核传输的速度很快,而TCP报文的传输速度相对来说要慢得多,于是会把数据存入TCP协议栈的发送缓冲区,然后从缓冲区慢慢传递到从节点上。这个数据传输过程有三个模型:
A : 异步模型,当内核把DRBD模块中复制的数据已经以报文方式发送到本地的TCP协议栈的缓冲区,至是从节点的数据是否已经传送到,保存是否完整,无法保证;
B : 半同步模型,报文已经发送到从节点的套接字上,已经接收,并发往内核,但从节点的存储过程没有回应过程。
C:同步模型,,报文发往从节点,从节点已经接收,并发往内核,内核已经把数据报文存储到磁盘,并把结果返回给主节点,这个是默认的数据传输模型,可以保证数据的完整性。
安装环境:
centos6.5,安装corosync和pacemaker过程请参见上一篇博客,上一个环境安装的配置接口是crmsh,这里安装的是pcs,安装pcs比较简单,#yum install pcs –y 即可
安装完成后集群状态如下:
现在看到两个集群节点mysql1 mysql2在线,pacemaker是做为插件在使用的,没有stonith设备,只有两个节点,所以quorum也要忽略
#pcs property set stonith-enabled=false
# pcs property set no-quorum-policy=ignore
#pcs config show 查看配置文件
显示错误还没有集群配置文件,stonith已经禁用,quorum已经忽略
安装drbd:
根据官方文档,drbd在内核2.6.33版本以后就已经装载进了内核,不需要再额外安装drbd,只需要安装drbdadm管理软件就行,我这里用的是centos6.5,内核版本是2.6.32,所以还需要安装
drbd版本有8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4,我这里用的是已经做好的rpm包进行安装,下载目录:ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/atrpms/
把drbd的两个rpm包放在/root目录下,然后执行# yum --nogpgcheck localinstall *.rpm
--nogpgcheck 不执行gpg检测,因为在centos里面没有认证文件
在两个节点上安装完成。加载DRBD模块
[root@mysql1 ~]# modprobe drbd [root@mysql1 ~]# lsmod | grep drbd drbd 325978 0 libcrc32c 1246 1 drbd 创建一个新的磁盘分区做为DRBD的共享磁盘,我这里是xen虚拟机添加的一个磁盘/dev/xvdb,创建的磁盘为/dev/xvdb1 [root@mysql1 drbd.d]# fdisk /dev/xvdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x218cde3e. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): Using default value 2610 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x218cde3e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.在mysql2节点上执行同样的操作。
配置drbd:
在/etc目录下有一个文件drbd.conf 主配置文件,里面主要调用了/etc/drbd.d/目录下的配置文件

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

MantisBT
Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

Dreamweaver Mac version
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PhpStorm Mac version
The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

WebStorm Mac version
Useful JavaScript development tools