给大家带来有关Oracle控制文件的技术分享。控制文件的作用我想就毋庸赘言了吧?上至九十老妪,下到五岁孩童,对于控制文件的重要
前言
今天给大家带来有关Oracle控制文件的技术分享。不积跬步无以至千里,不积小流无以成江海。Oracle技术博大精深,,以我一个人的力量,那无异于蜉蝣于天地,沧海之一粟。在此,笔者抛砖引玉,希望读者能够与我形成良好的互动,之间共同进步。闲言少叙,书归正传,马上开始今天的讨论话题。
Oracle 备份恢复概念
一、控制文件概要描述
既然今天的主题是控制文件,那么首先我先带大家来简要回顾一下控制文件的相关知识点。控制文件在默认情况下,一般和数据文件以及日志文件等位于同一个目录(当然,不放在这里也是没有问题的……看个人喜好),具体查看的sql语句是:
SYS@ENMOEDU > select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/control02.ctl
从这里就已经清晰的看到我控制文件的路径以及名称了,还有,细心的读者应该发现了,我是一个很小心谨慎的人,所以呢,我的控制文件是两份。这样做的好处是,万一我其中的一个控制文件被误删了或者损坏了,我还有另外一个控制文件保证我数据库的正常运行以及启动(不小心把多路复用技术给提前引入了……稍后会有更详细的配置以及解析)。
控制文件的作用我想就毋庸赘言了吧?上至九十老妪,下到五岁孩童,对于控制文件的重要性都能如数家珍般的娓娓道来。控制文件中有数据库以及在线重做日志的位置以及众多重要的信息,丢失或者损坏控制文件,数据库将无法正常启动和运行。既然控制文件这么重要,那么我们该怎么对它进行备份和恢复呢?
二、控制文件的备份与恢复
(1)基于用户管理的备份和恢复
首先进入Oracle的trace目录
[oracle@ENMOEDU trace]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/enmoedu/ENMOEDU/trace
用tail命令来打开alert_ENMOEDU.log文件
[oracle@ENMOEDU trace]$ tail -100f alert_ENMOEDU.log
此时打开另一窗口,执行如下命令
SYS@ENMOEDU > alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
我们可以在alert.ENMOEDU.log看到如下信息
Mon Mar 10 15:22:20 2014
alter database backup controlfile to trace
Backup controlfile written to trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/enmoedu/ENMOEDU/trace/ENMOEDU_ora_18205.trc
Completed: alter database backup controlfile to trace
根据上述信息,我们去查看提示的文件
[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/enmoedu/ENMOEDU/trace/ENMOEDU_ora_18205.trc
在浩如烟海的信息中,我们可以找到创建控制文件的命令
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ENMOEDU" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/example01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/test01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/test02.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;
稍后我们就可以用这些命令来创建控制文件了。下面来模拟控制文件丢失和损坏的实验环境:
[root@ENMOEDU ~]# rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/control01.ctl
[root@ENMOEDU ~]# rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/control02.ctl
笔者将两个控制文件都删除了,很彻底~然后尝试启动数据库。
[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Mar 10 15:47:54 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@ENMOEDU > startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes
Fixed Size 1345380 bytes
Variable Size 352323740 bytes
Database Buffers 62914560 bytes
Redo Buffers 6086656 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
可以看出,数据库已经无法正常启动了。那么我们就将数据库启动到nomount状态下进行恢复。
SYS@ENMOEDU > shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@ENMOEDU > startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 422670336 bytes
Fixed Size 1345380 bytes
Variable Size 352323740 bytes
Database Buffers 62914560 bytes
Redo Buffers 6086656 bytes
SYS@ENMOEDU > CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ENMOEDU" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
2 MAXLOGFILES 16
3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
4 MAXDATAFILES 100
5 MAXINSTANCES 8
6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
7 LOGFILE
8 GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
9 GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
10 GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
11 -- STANDBY LOGFILE
12 DATAFILE
13 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/system01.dbf',
14 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/sysaux01.dbf',
15 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/undotbs01.dbf',
16 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/users01.dbf',
17 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/example01.dbf',
18 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/test01.dbf',
19 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ENMOEDU/test02.dbf'
20 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;
Control file created.
尝试开启数据库
SYS@ENMOEDU > alter database open
2 ;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open

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