对于MYSQL的态度一直都是会基本SQL和简单命令就行,最近处理一个数据量很大的项目,为了提高效率,在数据库方面的瓶颈上,选择了使用分区表来提高查询效率。至此
对于MYSQL的态度一直都是会基本SQL和简单命令就行,最近处理一个数据量很大的项目,为了提高效率,在数据库方面的瓶颈上,选择了使用分区表来提高查询效率。至此和大家一起分享一下。
1.引言
本文初略的讲述了mysql数据库如何分区表。
2.环境要求
在5.1版本中不是默认就安装了,而在之后版本中一般默认选择了安装分区表支持。可以通过如下方式查看当前数据库是否支持分区表操作:
使用show variables like '%partition%';如果不支持分区,那么value字段值为No。
3.重要概念描述
3.1 分区字段
1)当仅存在单一主键时,不存在唯一键,那么分区字段必须是主键字段;
2)当存在复合主键时,不存在唯一键,那么分区字段必须是主键组合的一部分字段,一个或多个。
3)当主键和唯一键都存在时,那么分区字段必须同时包括主键字段和唯一键字段。
4.分区表类型
4.1 range分区
1)语法展示:
# 语法 # 在创建表单的最后,添加partitions by range(分区字段)( # partition 分区名 values less than(阀值1), # partition 分区名 values less than(阀值2), # ... # partition 分区名 values less than(阀值n), # ) 示例展示:
注意到,在显示的表结构添加了分区表的信息。
数据测试:
insert into test_range values(null, "test1"); insert into test_range values(null, "test2"); insert into test_range values(null, "test3"); insert into test_range values(null, "test4"); insert into test_range values(null, "test5"); insert into test_range values(null, "test6"); insert into test_range values(null, "test7"); insert into test_range values(null, "test8"); insert into test_range values(null, "test9"); insert into test_range values(null, "test10");插入10条数据,此时我们来查看其查询执行过程:
从结果可以发现,其只是在p1分区执行的查询,那么此时就减少了查询扫描的数据量,从而提高了查询效率。
如果此时,我们插入第11条数据会发生什么情况呢?
insert into test_range values(null, "test11"); 会发错:insert into test_range values(null, "test11") Error Code: 1526. Table has no partition for value 11 0.015 sec原因很简单,因为在我们创建表单时,仅仅指定了1 - 10的id数值分区,当插入id=11时的分区时,此时没有分区提供,那么就引发错误,那么如果解决这样的问题呢,采取如下方式,修改表的分区方式:
alter table test_range add partition( partition p3 values less than(MAXVALUE) ); # 添加一个分区,也就是p3是id从11到maxValue的存放区域 此时插入id=11的数据,并执行查询解析:
还需要特别注意的时,使用partition by range(分区字段),其中的分区字段可以是分区字段的表单式,但是必须是返回的整数,在5.5版本中,可以使用partition by range column/columns语法,指定某个字段。这里不做介绍。大家可以自己尝试一下。
4.2 list分区
list分区可以理解为集合分区方式,意思就是指定某个集合来分区。

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