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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL修改默认存储路径

Linux下存储数据,MySQL无疑是个很不错的选择。MySQL的默认存储路径为/var/lib/mysql。以前数据库一直不是很大,总共十个G左右的

Linux下存储数据,MySQL无疑是个很不错的选择。MySQL的默认存储路径为/var/lib/mysql。以前数据库一直不是很大,总共十个G左右的大小,放在默认路径毫无压力。但是今天,因为新导入一个数据库,光是导入数据就是30+G,瞬间就悲剧了,因为我并没有为/目录准备足够的硬盘分区空间。所以,修改配置,迁移数据库存储路径到合适的地方成了最省力的选择。

停止mysql服务,准备数据

因为这是运行到一半修改的,所以有一些历史遗留数据。应当先停止数据库服务,我使用的Fedora 19 , 命令可以如下

# service mysqld stop

然后妥妥的把数据从默认位置 /var/lib/mysql下的内容到目标位置 -- 比如我的,/home/mysql

修改配置文件

my.cnf

首先需要修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf。其中有datadir和socket之类字样。意义不言自明,就是修改它们的路径啦。当然,这个my.cnf可能出现在其他地方,如果是新的用户,甚至可能找不到,但没有关系,

ls /usr/share/mysql/

可以看到一些mysql-XXX-cnf , 可以从其中选择一些作为模板,修改一下,丢/etc下即可。

get_mysql_option

除了cnf外,还需要修改一个get_mysql_option的设置,真是受不了。。。

网上大多是以前版本,称应该修改"/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld"这个文件 -- 实际上对于fedora 19而言,这个脚本并不存在。
查看错误信息,可以看到错误提示如下:

[root@f-argcv etc]# systemctl status mysqld.service
mysqld.service - MariaDB database server
  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled)
  Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2013-10-23 19:38:22 HKT; 8s ago
  Process: 4936 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mysqld-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
  Process: 4935 ExecStart=/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 4913 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mysqld-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 
Oct 23 19:38:20 f-argcv systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...
Oct 23 19:38:21 f-argcv mysqld_safe[4935]: 131023 19:38:21 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
Oct 23 19:38:21 f-argcv mysqld_safe[4935]: 131023 19:38:21 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/mysql/data
Oct 23 19:38:21 f-argcv mysqld_safe[4935]: 131023 19:38:21 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
Oct 23 19:38:22 f-argcv systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Oct 23 19:38:22 f-argcv systemd[1]: Failed to start MariaDB database server.
Oct 23 19:38:22 f-argcv systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.

出现问题的源头似乎是/usr/libexec/mysqld-wait-ready 。 检查修改basedir等参数,然后开跑即可。。。

其他方法

实在不行,还有最后的办法:备份数据,卸载,,重新安装 -- 有yum在这其实也很方便。
然后配置好文件,尤其是修改/usr/bin/mysql_install_db,其中的ldata参数

mysql_install_db 

即可

后记

后来,我重装了机器,给var单独配了个可扩展的分区。个人觉得,这才是最让人舒服的设置。

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