search
HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql处理存在则更新,不存在则插入(多列唯一索引)

mysql处理存在则更新,不存在则插入(多列唯一索引)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:37 PM
mysqldoes not existonlydeal withmultiple columnsexistinsertrenewindex

mysql处理某个唯一索引时存在则更新,不存在则插入的情况应该是很常见的,网上也有很多类似的文章,我今天就讲讲当这个唯一的索引是多列唯一索引时可能会遇到的问题和方法。 方法一: 使用?INSERT INTO?ON ... DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ... : 表的创建如下: C

mysql处理某个唯一索引时存在则更新,不存在则插入的情况应该是很常见的,网上也有很多类似的文章,我今天就讲讲当这个唯一的索引是多列唯一索引时可能会遇到的问题和方法。


方法一:

使用?INSERT INTO?ON ... DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ... :

表的创建如下:

CREATE TABLE `test_table` (
  `id`  int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
  `var1`  varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
  `var2`  tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `var3`  varchar(100) character set utf8 default NULL,
  `value1`  int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
  `value2`  int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `value3`  int(5) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`Id`),
  UNIQUE INDEX `index_var` (`var1`, `var2`, `var3`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARACTER SET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1;


其中该表中var1、var2和var3完全相同的记录只能有一条,所以建了一个多列唯一索引index_var,这样一来我们就可以使用??INSERT INTO?ON ... DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ... 来实现插入数据时存在则更新,不存在则插入的功能了,如下:

INSERT INTO `test_table` 
(`var1`, `var2`, `var3`, `value1`, `value2`, `value3`) VALUES 
('abcd', 0, 'xyz', 1, 2, 3) 
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `value1` = `value1` + 1 AND 
`value2` = `value2` + 2 AND `value3` = `value3` + 3;

该条插入语句的含义是:向test_table表中插入,如果不存在val1 = 'abcd',val2 = 0, val3 = ‘xyz’的记录,那就插入

val1 = 'abcd',val2 = 0, val3 = ‘xyz’,value1 = 1, value2 = 2, value3 = 3的记录,

如果存在,那就更新value1的值为value1+1,更新value2的值为value2+2,更新value3的值为value3+3。


这样,的确是没有问题的,但是,如果表的创建如下:

CREATE TABLE `test_table` (
  `id`  int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
  `var1`  varchar(1024) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
  `var2`  tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `var3`  varchar(1024) character set utf8 default NULL,
  `value1`  int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
  `value2`  int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `value3`  int(5) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`Id`),
  UNIQUE INDEX `index_var` (`var1`, `var2`, `var3`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARACTER SET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1;
注意:var1和var3的最大长度由100变成了1024,此时执行该创建语句时会报如下错误:

Specified key was too long; max key length is 1000 bytes
这是由于index_var索引的为1024 * 3 + 1 + 1024 * 3 > 1000导致的,如果遇到这种情况怎么办?有两种解决办法。

第一,将数据库的engine由MyISAM换成InnoDB就可以了,那么这两个引擎有什么区别呢?

看这里

不过,这样换有一个缺点,就是InnoDB的性能没有MyISAM的好,那么如果想要不牺牲性能的话,那就只有用第二个方法了,也就是我们这里说的方法二!


方法二:

使用dual虚拟表来实现。

使用dual虚拟表来实现的话就不需要创建多列唯一索引了,表的创建如下:

CREATE TABLE `test_table` (
  `id`  int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
  `var1`  varchar(1024) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
  `var2`  tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `var3`  varchar(1024) character set utf8 default NULL,
  `value1`  int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
  `value2`  int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `value3`  int(5) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`Id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARACTER SET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1;
插入语句则是形如:

INSERT INTO table
(primarykey, field1, field2, ...)
SELECT key, value1, value2, ...
FROM dual
WHERE not exists (select * from table where primarykey = id);
的语句,此时我们可以用以下语句代替:

INSERT INTO `test_table` SELECT 0, 'abcd', 0, 'xyz', 1, 2, 3
FROM dual WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT * FROM `test_table` WHERE 
`var1` = 'abcd' AND `var2` = 0 AND `var3` = 'xyz');
此时,如果val1 = 'abcd',val2 = 0, val3 = ‘xyz’的记录不存在,那么就会执行该插入语句插入该记录,如果存在,那就需要我们再使用相应的更新语句来更新记录:

UPDATE `test_table` SET 
`value1` = `value1` + 1, `value2` = `value2` + 2, `value3` = `value3` + 3
WHERE `val1` = 'abcd' AND `val2` = 0 AND `val3` = 'xyz';



OK!到这里,基本上讲完了。


注:转载请注明出处!


参考:

http://thobian.info/?p=1035

http://blog.51yip.com/mysql/1515.html??










作者:Sky_qing 发表于2013-7-10 19:28:59 原文链接

阅读:64 评论:0 查看评论

mysql处理存在则更新,不存在则插入(多列唯一索引)

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
MySQL's Role: Databases in Web ApplicationsMySQL's Role: Databases in Web ApplicationsApr 17, 2025 am 12:23 AM

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

MySQL: Building Your First DatabaseMySQL: Building Your First DatabaseApr 17, 2025 am 12:22 AM

The steps to build a MySQL database include: 1. Create a database and table, 2. Insert data, and 3. Conduct queries. First, use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE statements to create the database and table, then use the INSERTINTO statement to insert the data, and finally use the SELECT statement to query the data.

MySQL: A Beginner-Friendly Approach to Data StorageMySQL: A Beginner-Friendly Approach to Data StorageApr 17, 2025 am 12:21 AM

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is easy to use and powerful. 1.MySQL is a relational database, and uses SQL for CRUD operations. 2. It is simple to install and requires the root user password to be configured. 3. Use INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT to perform data operations. 4. ORDERBY, WHERE and JOIN can be used for complex queries. 5. Debugging requires checking the syntax and use EXPLAIN to analyze the query. 6. Optimization suggestions include using indexes, choosing the right data type and good programming habits.

Is MySQL Beginner-Friendly? Assessing the Learning CurveIs MySQL Beginner-Friendly? Assessing the Learning CurveApr 17, 2025 am 12:19 AM

MySQL is suitable for beginners because: 1) easy to install and configure, 2) rich learning resources, 3) intuitive SQL syntax, 4) powerful tool support. Nevertheless, beginners need to overcome challenges such as database design, query optimization, security management, and data backup.

Is SQL a Programming Language? Clarifying the TerminologyIs SQL a Programming Language? Clarifying the TerminologyApr 17, 2025 am 12:17 AM

Yes,SQLisaprogramminglanguagespecializedfordatamanagement.1)It'sdeclarative,focusingonwhattoachieveratherthanhow.2)SQLisessentialforquerying,inserting,updating,anddeletingdatainrelationaldatabases.3)Whileuser-friendly,itrequiresoptimizationtoavoidper

Explain the ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability).Explain the ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability).Apr 16, 2025 am 12:20 AM

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL: Database Management System vs. Programming LanguageMySQL: Database Management System vs. Programming LanguageApr 16, 2025 am 12:19 AM

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL: Managing Data with SQL CommandsMySQL: Managing Data with SQL CommandsApr 16, 2025 am 12:19 AM

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Chat Commands and How to Use Them
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools