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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial由CSDN泄密想到的:MySQL数据库验证过程的改进、密码存储及验证方

这几天CSDN数据库明文密码泄密闹得满城风雨,人人自危。大家开始关注网络安全和隐私问题。由这次的问题,对加密验证过程我也思考过,有没有一套相对安全的存储和验证方法?这里我根据各种验证方法,确实总结了一套可行且相对安全的存储和验证方法,且看我细

这几天CSDN数据库明文密码泄密闹得满城风雨,人人自危。大家开始关注网络安全和隐私问题。由这次的问题,对加密验证过程我也思考过,有没有一套相对安全的存储和验证方法?这里我根据各种验证方法,确实总结了一套可行且相对安全的存储和验证方法,且看我细细道来,最后提出MySQL当前验证方法的改进。– by 谭俊青

一个系统对用户请求的合法性验证都是通过sessionid来判断的,这个层面的攻击和破解这里不涉及,我们只关心在session建立前的验证过程。密码存储的方式和验证方法大致可以归结为以下几种:

  1. 密码明文存储。比如CSDN的做法,用户登陆系统的时候直接提交明文密码,跟数据库中保存的密码进行比较,如果一直,验证通过,建立session。这时最简单,也是最傻的一种做法,所以导致了这次的泄密。对于密码一致的用户已经体会到了它的危害严重性。
  2. 密码加密存储。对用户密码进行加密存储,登陆验证的过程跟上面的验证过程类似,只是对密码进行了加密,或者对存储的密文进行了解密,然后验证。这种方法稍微提高了一定的安全性,但是还远远不够,没有从根本上解决问题,因为如果黑客拿到了密文,然后破解加密算法,可以解密所有的密文,获得所有用户的明文密码,还会导致像今天CSDN这样的局面。
  3. 密码单向hash存储。这个应该说在根本上解决了问题所在。比如存储md5(password),sha1(password),验证时只需要比较用户输入的密码的hash值跟存储的是否一致即可验证。当然这里问题又来了因为有人会提出md5破解的问题,破解碰撞的概率现在还是相当低的,比中5亿彩票大奖的概率要低得多。但是现在有很多现有的密码字典,并且已经生成了hash值,值需要比较hash值,即可获得等价的登陆密码。因此我们对这个方法进行改进,得出下面的方法。
  4. 密码还是hash存储,不过是采用hash(hash(passwordd)+salt)的方式。这里salt可以在注册是随机生成,也可以取巧用用户名,这样可以在验证的过程增加随机串,而不用将salt输出止客户端。

对第4种方法进行变种,可以得到很多验证方法,都相对安全可靠得多,但是都存在一个问题,这个问题在mysql4.1之前的版本也存在着,就是如果有人得到存储的hash值,即可以模拟登陆,并验证通过。

现在我们回到MySQL密码的存储和验证过程。在4.1之前,mysql的验证方法相对简单,方法如下:

  1. 首先server给client发送一个随机串
  2. client将用户输入的password的hash值对随机串进行加密,并将加密串发送给server
  3. server用存储在user表中的password hash串对之前发送给client的随机串进行加密,生成加密串
  4. server对接收道的加密串和生成的加密串进行比较,如果一致,验证通过。

这样的验证方法看似比较安全可靠,即使你监听网络也不会获得password或者其hash值。但是如果有人通过其他途径,获得了password的hash值,那么就可以模拟登陆系统,因此我们需要对验证过程进行改进。下面介绍mysql4.1之后的密码存储和登陆验证过程:

  • server存储mysql.user.Password =?sha1(sha1(password))
  • server 发送随机串random_string至client
  • client 计算
    • stage1_hash ?= sha1(password) –password为用户输入的明文密码
    • token = sha1( random_string + sha1(stage1_hash)) xor stage1_hash
  • client 将 token 发送给server
  • server 计算
    • stage1_hash_2 = token xor sha1( random_string + mysql.user.Password)
  • sever 比较 sha1(stage1_hash_2) 跟 mysql.user.Password 即可验证

这个验证过程看似复杂,其实整个过程就是为了保证 sha1(password)不被监听到,用随机串进行了干扰。至此我们的密码存储方式和验证方法的安全性都得到了极大的提升。 当然我们发现mysql 4.1之后的密码存储还是有点小问题,没有加salt,因此存在一定的风险,可以建议官方版本改进,比如将 salt 用用户名代替,整个验证过程几乎不用大的改动。

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? 谭俊青 发布在 MySQL性能、MySQL Cluster集群、MySQL HA高可用等研究 - MySQL实验室, 2011.
可以任意转载, 但转载时务必以超链接形式标明文章原始出处 和 作者信息。
链接: http://www.mysqlab.net/blog/2011/12/由csdn泄密想到的《mysql数据库验证过程的改进》/

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