search
HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial用MySQL Procedure同时像级联表插入数据

一个月以来都没写博客,这篇博客的目的是提醒自己继续写下去,顺便记下笔记,看官若无兴趣请直接飘过。 级联表是关系数据库存储领域模型(Domain Model)中一对多关系的不二法门,比如“学生”和“班级”,实在是常用得很。创建表时建立外键关联,查询时使用

一个月以来都没写博客,这篇博客的目的是提醒自己继续写下去,顺便记下笔记,看官若无兴趣请直接飘过。

级联表是关系数据库存储领域模型(Domain Model)中一对多关系的不二法门,比如“学生”和“班级”,实在是常用得很。创建表时建立外键关联,查询时使用inner join或者多表联合查询非常便捷。不过插入数据则相对麻烦,因为关键关联的缘故,需要先插入主表,然后再插入从表,如果使用auto_increment主键,在插入从表之前必须获取刚刚插入主表时生成的ID。

举例来说,下面classes和students表通过外键class_id建立一对多关联:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS classes;
DROP VIEW IF EXISTS student_in_class;
CREATE TABLE classes(
  id serial,
  name CHAR(55) NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY cls_name (name),
  PRIMARY KEY(id)
);
CREATE TABLE students(
  NUMBER CHAR(11) NOT NULL,
  name VARCHAR(55) NOT NULL,
  class_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY(NUMBER),
  FOREIGN KEY (class_id) REFERENCES classes(id)
);

为了查询数据方便,创建一个视图,只是简单的执行级联查询:

CREATE VIEW student_in_class AS
SELECT NUMBER, students.name stu_name, classes.name cls_name 
FROM students
INNER JOIN classes
ON classes.id=students.class_id;

对于之前提出的两个表同时插入数据的问题,熟悉MySQL的朋友都知道,用下面的方法就行了,先插入主表classes,然后通过last_insert_id()获取刚刚插入的id,最后向从表students插入数据。

START TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO classes(name) VALUE('Class 1');
INSERT INTO students(NUMBER, name, class_id) 
  VALUES('001', 'Jim', last_insert_id());
commit;

不过这样还是有个问题,如果待插入的数据和主表中已有的数据有重复怎么办呢?因此笔者对以上语句进行简单的封装,使用MySQL存储过程实现整个过程,首先对主表进行查询,如果不存在待插入的数据再插入:

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS insert_stu;
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_stu(
  cls_name CHAR(55), 
  stu_num CHAR(11), 
  stu_name VARCHAR(55))
BEGIN 
  DECLARE cls_id BIGINT UNSIGNED;
  DECLARE cls_cnt INT;
  SELECT COUNT(*) INTO cls_cnt FROM classes WHERE name=cls_name;
  IF cls_cnt = 0 THEN
    INSERT INTO classes(name) VALUE(cls_name);
    SET cls_id = last_insert_id();
  ELSE
    SELECT id INTO cls_id FROM classes WHERE name=cls_name;
  END IF;
  INSERT INTO students(NUMBER, name, class_id) 
    VALUES(stu_num, stu_name, cls_id);
END;

调用和检验该存储过程的方法如下:

CALL insert_stu('Class 1', '001', 'Bob');
CALL insert_stu('Class 2', '002', 'Jim');
CALL insert_stu('Class 1', '003', 'Li Lei');
SELECT * FROM student_in_class;

最后一句是使用之前创建的视图查看输出结果:

number  stu_name  cls_name
001        Bob          Class 1
002        Jim           Class 2
003        Li Lei        Class 1

参考:

  1. Stackoverflow: Is it possible to insert into two tables at the same time?
  2. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create-procedure.html
  3. MySQL transaction commit
  4. MySQL last_insert_id() function
  5. MySQL If statement
用MySQL Procedure同时像级联表插入数据
Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Apr 19, 2025 am 12:24 AM

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonMySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonApr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages ​​such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages ​​have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Learning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersLearning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersApr 19, 2025 am 12:19 AM

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterMySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesMySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:22 AM

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedMySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

The Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesThe Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:12 AM

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

MySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementMySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment