一个月以来都没写博客,这篇博客的目的是提醒自己继续写下去,顺便记下笔记,看官若无兴趣请直接飘过。 级联表是关系数据库存储领域模型(Domain Model)中一对多关系的不二法门,比如“学生”和“班级”,实在是常用得很。创建表时建立外键关联,查询时使用
一个月以来都没写博客,这篇博客的目的是提醒自己继续写下去,顺便记下笔记,看官若无兴趣请直接飘过。
级联表是关系数据库存储领域模型(Domain Model)中一对多关系的不二法门,比如“学生”和“班级”,实在是常用得很。创建表时建立外键关联,查询时使用inner join或者多表联合查询非常便捷。不过插入数据则相对麻烦,因为关键关联的缘故,需要先插入主表,然后再插入从表,如果使用auto_increment主键,在插入从表之前必须获取刚刚插入主表时生成的ID。
举例来说,下面classes和students表通过外键class_id建立一对多关联:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS classes; DROP VIEW IF EXISTS student_in_class; CREATE TABLE classes( id serial, name CHAR(55) NOT NULL, UNIQUE KEY cls_name (name), PRIMARY KEY(id) ); CREATE TABLE students( NUMBER CHAR(11) NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(55) NOT NULL, class_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(NUMBER), FOREIGN KEY (class_id) REFERENCES classes(id) );
为了查询数据方便,创建一个视图,只是简单的执行级联查询:
CREATE VIEW student_in_class AS SELECT NUMBER, students.name stu_name, classes.name cls_name FROM students INNER JOIN classes ON classes.id=students.class_id;
对于之前提出的两个表同时插入数据的问题,熟悉MySQL的朋友都知道,用下面的方法就行了,先插入主表classes,然后通过last_insert_id()获取刚刚插入的id,最后向从表students插入数据。
START TRANSACTION; INSERT INTO classes(name) VALUE('Class 1'); INSERT INTO students(NUMBER, name, class_id) VALUES('001', 'Jim', last_insert_id()); commit;
不过这样还是有个问题,如果待插入的数据和主表中已有的数据有重复怎么办呢?因此笔者对以上语句进行简单的封装,使用MySQL存储过程实现整个过程,首先对主表进行查询,如果不存在待插入的数据再插入:
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS insert_stu; CREATE PROCEDURE insert_stu( cls_name CHAR(55), stu_num CHAR(11), stu_name VARCHAR(55)) BEGIN DECLARE cls_id BIGINT UNSIGNED; DECLARE cls_cnt INT; SELECT COUNT(*) INTO cls_cnt FROM classes WHERE name=cls_name; IF cls_cnt = 0 THEN INSERT INTO classes(name) VALUE(cls_name); SET cls_id = last_insert_id(); ELSE SELECT id INTO cls_id FROM classes WHERE name=cls_name; END IF; INSERT INTO students(NUMBER, name, class_id) VALUES(stu_num, stu_name, cls_id); END;
调用和检验该存储过程的方法如下:
CALL insert_stu('Class 1', '001', 'Bob'); CALL insert_stu('Class 2', '002', 'Jim'); CALL insert_stu('Class 1', '003', 'Li Lei'); SELECT * FROM student_in_class;
最后一句是使用之前创建的视图查看输出结果:
number stu_name cls_name 001 Bob Class 1 002 Jim Class 2 003 Li Lei Class 1
参考:
- Stackoverflow: Is it possible to insert into two tables at the same time?
- http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create-procedure.html
- MySQL transaction commit
- MySQL last_insert_id() function
- MySQL If statement

原文地址:用MySQL Procedure同时像级联表插入数据, 感谢原作者分享。

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