如果你管理的Oracle数据库下某些应用项目有大量的修改删除操作, 数据索引是需要周期性的重建的。 它不仅可以提高查询性能, 还能增加索引表空间空闲空间大
如果你管理的Oracle数据库下某些应用项目有大量的修改删除操作, 数据索引是需要周期性的重建的。
它不仅可以提高查询性能, 还能增加索引表空间空闲空间大小。
在ORACLE里大量删除记录后, 表和索引里占用的数据块空间并没有释放。
重建索引可以释放已删除记录索引占用的数据块空间。
转移数据, 重命名的方法可以重新组织表里的数据。
下面是可以按ORACLE用户名生成重建索引的SQL脚本:
SET ECHO OFF;
SET FEEDBACK OFF;
SET VERIFY OFF;
SET PAGESIZE 0;
SET TERMOUT ON;
SET HEADING OFF;
ACCEPT username CHAR PROMPT 'Enter the index username: ';
spool /oracle/rebuild_&username.sql;
SELECT
'REM +-----------------------------------------------+' || chr(10) ||
'REM | INDEX NAME : ' || owner || '.' || segment_name
|| lpad('|', 33 - (length(owner) + length(segment_name)) )
|| chr(10) ||
'REM | BYTES : ' || bytes
|| lpad ('|', 34-(length(bytes)) ) || chr(10) ||
'REM | EXTENTS : ' || extents
|| lpad ('|', 34-(length(extents)) ) || chr(10) ||
'REM +-----------------------------------------------+' || chr(10) ||
'ALTER INDEX ' || owner || '.' || segment_name || chr(10) ||
'REBUILD ' || chr(10) ||
'TABLESPACE ' || tablespace_name || chr(10) ||
'STORAGE ( ' || chr(10) ||
' INITIAL ' || initial_extent || chr(10) ||
' NEXT ' || next_extent || chr(10) ||
' MINEXTENTS ' || min_extents || chr(10) ||
' MAXEXTENTS ' || max_extents || chr(10) ||
' PCTINCREASE ' || pct_increase || chr(10) ||
');' || chr(10) || chr(10)
FROM dba_segments
WHERE segment_type = 'INDEX'
AND owner='&username'
ORDER BY owner, bytes DESC;
spool off;
如果你用的是WINDOWS系统, 想改变输出文件的存放目录,修改spool后面的路径成:
spool c:oraclerebuild_&username.sql;
如果你只想对大于max_bytes的索引重建索引,可以修改上面的SQL语句:
在AND owner='&username' 后面加个限制条件 AND bytes> &max_bytes
如果你想修改索引的存储参数, 在重建索引rebuild_&username.sql里改也可以。
比如把pctincrease不等于零的值改成是零。
生成的rebuild_&username.sql文件我们需要来分析一下,它们是否到了需要重建的程度:
分析索引,看是否碎片严重SQL>ANALYZE INDEX &index_name VALIDATE STRUCTURE;
col name heading 'Index Name' format a30
col del_lf_rows heading 'Deleted|Leaf Rows' format 99999999
col lf_rows_used heading 'Used|Leaf Rows' format 99999999
col ratio heading '% Deleted|Leaf Rows' format 999.99999
SELECT name,
del_lf_rows,
lf_rows - del_lf_rows lf_rows_used,
to_char(del_lf_rows / (lf_rows)*100,'999.99999') ratio
FROM index_stats where name = upper('&index_name');
当删除的比率大于15 - 20% 时,肯定是需要索引重建的。
经过删改后的rebuild_&username.sql文件我们可以放到ORACLE的定时作业里:
比如一个月或者两个月在非繁忙时间运行。
如果遇到ORA-00054错误,,表示索引在的表上有锁信息,不能重建索引。
那就忽略这个错误, 看下次是否成功。
对那些特别忙的表要区别对待, 不能用这里介绍的方法,
还要把它们的索引从rebuild_&username.sql里删去。

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