ORACLE实例分享:DB_LINK同步(Materialized View,Snapshot)
1.修改数据库名 1.查看oracle实例名 2.shutdown immediate 3.lsnrctl stop $ORACLE_SID#----------windows下关闭使用oracle服务 4.修改 /etc/oratab 的$ORACLE_SID#------------windows没有 5.修改用户环境变量.bashprofile #------------windows没有 6.linu
1.修改数据库名
1.查看oracle实例名
2.shutdown immediate
3.lsnrctl stop $ORACLE_SID#----------windows下关闭使用oracle服务
4.修改 /etc/oratab 的$ORACLE_SID#------------windows没有
5.修改用户环境变量.bashprofile #------------windows没有
6.linux下$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 修改有关$ORACLE_SID的文件名
windows下$ORACLE_HOME/database 修改有关$ORACLE_SID的文件名
7.重新生成密码文件,启动数据库
liunx:orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=5 force=y
windows:
在一个cmd运行oracle %ORACLE_ORCL%
在另一个cmd运行
set ORACLE_HOME=E:appcswggodproduct11.2.0dbhome_1database
set ORACLE_ORCL=orcl
orapwd file=%ORACLE_HOME%/ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw%ORACLE_SID% password=oracle entries=5 force=y
startup
#-------------------1.选择orcl实例
[oracle@h1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as SYSDBA"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Nov 12 03:07:58 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
#-------------2.查看实例
SQL> select * from v$thread;
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl
#-----------------3.关机
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
#-------------4.关闭监听
[oracle@h1 ~]$ lsnrctl stop orcl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 12-NOV-2012 03:20:11
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.5.130)(PORT=1522)))
The command completed successfully
#--------------5.修改/etc/oratab
[oracle@h1 ~]$ su root
Password:
[root@h1 oracle]# vi /etc/oratab
#------------orcl 修改为bitc
bitc:/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2:N
test:/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2:N
"/etc/oratab" 24L, 764C written
[root@h1 oracle]#
#-----------------6.修改.bash_profile并生效
[root@h1 oracle]# su oracle
[oracle@h1 ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@h1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_2
export ORACLE_SID=bitc
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:.:$PATH
".bash_profile" 16L, 323C written
[oracle@h1 ~]$ . .bash_profile
[oracle@h1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
bitc
#---------------------7.修改配置文件名
[oracle@h1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ ls -al
total 56
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 12 03:18 .
drwxr-xr-x. 76 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 10 00:52 ..
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Nov 10 00:40 hc_DBUA0.dat
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Nov 12 03:18 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Nov 12 03:03 hc_test.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1906 Nov 9 23:35 initorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Nov 3 07:13 lkORCL
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Nov 10 00:45 lkTEST
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Nov 10 06:40 orapworcl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Nov 10 04:23 orapwtest
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Nov 12 03:04 spfileorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Nov 9 23:05 spfileorcl.ora.bak
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Nov 12 03:03 spfiletest.ora
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ chmod 777 *
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ mv hc_orcl.dat hc_bitc.dat
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ mv lkORCL lkBITC
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwbitc
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfilebitc.ora
[oracle@h1 dbs]$
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ ls
hc_bitc.dat init.ora lkTEST spfilebitc.ora
hc_DBUA0.dat initorcl.ora orapwbitc spfileorcl.ora.bak
hc_test.dat lkBITC orapwtest spfiletest.ora
#-----------------8.生成密码文件
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=5 force=y
#---------------9.启动数据库
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
bitc
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ sqlplus "/as SYSDBA"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Nov 12 03:35:11 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 501059584 bytes
Fixed Size 2214736 bytes
Variable Size 318768304 bytes
Database Buffers 176160768 bytes
Redo Buffers 3915776 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
2.数据库更名后,配置静态监听
[oracle@h1 dbs]$ netmgr
#-------------------1.配置监听文件
配置远程namespace:
验证:
#----------------2.修改静态监听参数

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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