Home  >  Article  >  Database  >  oracle数据库中关于游标的常见用法

oracle数据库中关于游标的常见用法

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-07 16:18:17865browse

1、什么是游标 游标是一种PL/SQL控制结构,可以对SQL语句进行显示控制,便于对表的数据逐条进行处理 2、游标分类 显示游标: Declared and named by the programmer 隐式游标: Declared for all DML and PL/SQL SELECT statements 3、游标的属性: %FOUND:Ev

1、什么是游标

游标是一种PL/SQL控制结构,可以对SQL语句进行显示控制,便于对表的数据逐条进行处理

2、游标分类

显示游标: Declared and named by the programmer

隐式游标: Declared for all DML and PL/SQL SELECT statements

 

3、游标的属性:

%FOUND:Evaluates to TRUE if the most recent SQL statement affects one   or more rows

%NOTFOUND:和%FOUND相反

%ISOPEN:是一个布尔值,如果游标打开,则为TRUE, 如果游标关闭,则为FALSE.对于隐式游标而言SQL%ISOPEN总是FALSE,这是因为隐式游标在DML语句执行时打开,结束时就立即关闭。

%ROWCOUNT:Number of records affected by the most recent SQL statement

 

注意:dbms_output.put_line();这个是不能打印boolean型的,解决方法

if b then

 dbms_output.put_line('b=true');

end if;

 

或者:

declare

 b boolean;

begin

 b := true;

 dbms_output.put_line((case when b then 'true' else 'false' end));

end;

 

对于null,课先使用NVL()或者decode()处理

 

显示游标:需要手动open和close

例如:

DECLARE

CURSOR mycursor IS

SELECT * FROM dept;

myrecord dept%ROWTYPE;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor;

FETCH mycursor INTO myrecord;

WHILE mycursor%FOUND LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(myrecord.deptno||' '||myrecord.dname||'   '||myrecord.loc);

FETCH mycursor INTO myrecord;

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

注意:在进行while循环前,必须先有一个FETCH..INTO操作,否者%FOUND总是返 回false

 

带参数的游标:

DECLARE

CURSOR mycursor(num varchar2) IS

SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE deptno=num;

myrecord dept%ROWTYPE;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor(10);

LOOP

FETCH mycursor INTO myrecord;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('deptNum='||myrecord.deptno||' deptName='||myrecord.dname);

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

 

FOR循环操作游标

使用FOR循环读取游标时,不需要显示申明变量用于接收结果,也不需要手动打开和关闭游标,例如:

DECLARE

CURSOR mycursor(num varchar2) IS

SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE deptno=num;

BEGIN

FOR cur IN mycursor(10) LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('deptNum='||cur.deptno||' deptName='||cur.dname);

END LOOP;

END;

 

注意:PL/SQL中参数只需要给出类型,不需要给出长度或精度。

当直接将游标的值读取到变量时,变量的个数应与游标指向的结果集的列数相同。例如结果集中有两个列,,那么使用FETCH....INTO 时对应的变量个数也应该有两个。

DECLARE

d_no number;

d_name varchar2(10);

CURSOR mycursor(num varchar2) IS

SELECT deptno,dname FROM DEPT WHERE deptno=num;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor(10);

FETCH mycursor INTO d_no,d_name;

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(d_no||' '||d_name);

FETCH mycursor INTO d_no,d_name;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

/

 

%ROWCOUNT初始值为null,每当使用FETCH...INTO从游标中取出一条数据后,      ROWCOUNT的值加1,并不是标识结果集的行数。

例如:

DECLARE

d_name varchar2(10);

CURSOR mycursor IS

SELECT dname FROM DEPT;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor;

LOOP

FETCH mycursor INTO d_name;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(mycursor%ROWCOUNT);

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

结果集中有4行记录,输出结果为:1 2 3 4

 

可更新数据的游标

要想在使用游标的同时修改数据,需要在申明游标时加上FOR UPDATE关键字。

例如:

DECLARE

d_name VARCHAR2(20);

CURSOR mycursor IS

SELECT dname FROM dept FOR UPDATE;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor;

LOOP

FETCH mycursor INTO d_name;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

UPDATE dept SET dname=RTRIM(dname,'_t') WHERE CURRENT OF mycursor;

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

CURRENT OF+游标名:获取游标当前所指向的行

RTRIM(dname,'_t'):LTRIM、RTRIM实现字符串过滤(不仅仅去除空格)

 

 

隐式游标:不使用DECLARE显示申明的游标。

例如:

BEGIN

FOR cur IN(SELECT dname FROM dept) LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(cur.dname);

END LOOP;

END;

 

1、含有参数的游标

declare
 cursor cur_my (mv number) is select * from Person where no begin
  for tem in cur_my(4) loop
  DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('name:'||tem.name);
  end loop;
end;

2、设置引用游标
declare
   temp_row Person%rowtype;
   type my_type is ref cursor;
   cur_my my_type;
begin
   open cur_my for 'select * from Person ';
   loop
      fetch cur_my into temp_row;
      exit when cur_my%notfound;
      DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('name:'||temp_row.name);
   end loop;
   close cur_my;
end;

3、for loop循环游标

DECLARE
    v_id Integer;
    v_name varchar2(50);
    v_age Integer;
    cursor cur_mycursor is select id,name,age from Users;
BEGIN
    for temp in cur_mycursor loop
       v_id :=temp.id;
       v_name :=temp.name;
       v_age :=temp.age;
       dbms_output.put_line('id:'||v_id||'name:'||v_name||'age:'||v_age);
    end loop;
    /**dbms_output.put_line('所有记录数:'||cur_mycursor%rowcount||'条!');*/
END;

4、标准化loop循环游标

DECLARE
    v_id Integer;
    v_name varchar2(50);
    v_age Integer;
    cursor cur_mycursors is select id,name,age from Users;
BEGIN
     OPEN cur_mycursors;
       dbms_output.put_line('所有记录数:'||cur_mycursors%rowcount||'条!');
     LOOP
       FETCH cur_mycursors INTO v_id,v_name,v_age;
       dbms_output.put_line('id:'||v_id||'name:'||v_name||'age:'||v_age);
       IF  cur_mycursors%NOTFOUND THEN
            EXIT;
       END IF;
     END LOOP;
     dbms_output.put_line('所有记录数:'||cur_mycursors%rowcount||'条!');
     CLOSE cur_mycursors;
END;

Statement:
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn