char类型 CHAR列的长度固定为创建表时声明的长度。长度可以为从0到255的任何值。当保存CHAR值时,在它们的右边填充空格以达到指定的长度。当检索到CHAR值时,尾部的空格被删除掉。在存储或检索过程中不进行大小写转换。 varchar类型 VARCHAR列中的值为可变长
char类型
CHAR列的长度固定为创建表时声明的长度。长度可以为从0到255的任何值。当保存CHAR值时,在它们的右边填充空格以达到指定的长度。当检索到CHAR值时,尾部的空格被删除掉。在存储或检索过程中不进行大小写转换。
varchar类型
VARCHAR列中的值为可变长字符串。长度可以指定为0到65,535之间的值。(VARCHAR的最大有效长度由最大行大小和使用的字符集确定。整体最大长度是65,532字节)。
text类型
有4种TEXT类型:TINYTEXT、TEXT、MEDIUMTEXT和LONGTEXT。这些对应4种BLOB类型,有相同的最大长度和存储需求。
BLOB 列被视为二进制字符串(字节字符串)。TEXT列被视为非二进制字符串(字符字符串)。BLOB列没有字符集,并且排序和比较基于列值字节的数值值。TEXT列有一个字符集,并且根据字符集的 校对规则对值进行排序和比较。
在TEXT或BLOB列的存储或检索过程中,不存在大小写转换。
当未运行在严格模式时,如果你为BLOB或TEXT列分配一个超过该列类型的最大长度的值值,值被截取以保证适合。如果截掉的字符不是空格,将会产生一条警告。使用严格SQL模式,会产生错误,并且值将被拒绝而不是截取并给出警告。
在大多数方面,可以将BLOB列视为能够足够大的VARBINARY列。同样,可以将TEXT列视为VARCHAR列。BLOB和TEXT在以下几个方面不同于VARBINARY和VARCHAR:
当保存或检索BLOB和TEXT列的值时不删除尾部空格。(这与VARBINARY和VARCHAR列相同)。
请注意比较时将用空格对TEXT进行扩充以适合比较的对象,正如CHAR和VARCHAR。
对于BLOB和TEXT列的索引,必须指定索引前缀的长度。对于CHAR和VARCHAR,前缀长度是可选的。
BLOB和TEXT列不能有 默认值。
LONG和LONG VARCHAR对应MEDIUMTEXT数据类型。这是为了保证兼容性。如果TEXT列类型使用BINARY属性,,将为列分配列字符集的二元 校对规则。
MySQL连接程序/ODBC将BLOB值定义为LONGVARBINARY,将TEXT值定义为LONGVARCHAR。
由于BLOB和TEXT值可能会非常长,使用它们时可能遇到一些约束:
当排序时只使用该列的前max_sort_length个字节。
max_sort_length的 默认值是1024;该值可以在启动mysqld服务器时使用--max_sort_length选项进行更改。参见5.3.3节,“服务器系统变量”。
运行时增加max_sort_length的值可以在排序或组合时使更多的字节有意义。任何客户端可以更改其会话max_sort_length变量的值:
mysql> SET max_sort_length = 2000;mysql> SELECT id, comment FROM tbl_name -> ORDER BY comment;
当你想要使超过max_sort_length的字节有意义,对含长值的BLOB或TEXT列使用GROUP BY或ORDER BY的另一种方式是将列值转换为固定长度的对象。标准方法是使用SUBSTRING函数。例如,下面的语句对comment列的2000个字节进行排序:
mysql> SELECT id, SUBSTRING(comment,1,2000) FROM tbl_name -> ORDER BY SUBSTRING(comment,1,2000);·
BLOB或TEXT对象的最大大小由其类型确定,但在客户端和服务器之间实际可以传递的最大值由可用内存数量和通信缓存区大小确定。你可以通过更改max_allowed_packet变量的值更改消息缓存区的大小,但必须同时修改服务器和客户端程序。例如,可以使用 mysql和mysqldump来更改客户端的max_allowed_packet值。参见7.5.2节,“调节服务器参数”、8.3节,“mysql:MySQL命令行工具”和8.8节,“mysqldump:数据库备份程序”。
每个BLOB或TEXT值分别由内部分配的对象表示。这与其它列类型形成对比,后者是当打开表时为每1列分配存储引擎。

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MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.

MySQL is not a programming language, but its query language SQL has the characteristics of a programming language: 1. SQL supports conditional judgment, loops and variable operations; 2. Through stored procedures, triggers and functions, users can perform complex logical operations in the database.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

InnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.


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