在执行查找命令时的大小写问题 默认情况下,MySQL在执行查找时不区分字母的大小写。当你在查找时使用like 'a%'时, 默认将返回以a或者A开头的所有列值,若要在查找时区分大小写,则需要使用collate运算符来实现,具体例子如下: col_name COLLATE latin1_gen
在执行查找命令时的大小写问题
默认情况下,MySQL在执行查找时不区分字母的大小写。当你在查找时使用like 'a%'时, 默认将返回以a或者A开头的所有列值,若要在查找时区分大小写,则需要使用collate运算符来实现,具体例子如下:
col_name COLLATE latin1_general_cs LIKE 'a%' col_name LIKE 'a%' COLLATE latin1_general_cs col_name COLLATE latin1_bin LIKE 'a%' col_name LIKE 'a%' COLLATE latin1_bin
如果想让某列在查找时始终保持区分字母大小写,,则需要用case sensitive或binary collation来定义列的特性。
当进行简单比较运算,如>=, >, =,
和空值NULL相关的问题
空值的概念比较容易混淆,有人认为空值NULL和空 字符''是一会时,其实这样认为是错误的,举例来说,
mysql> INSERT INTO my_table (phone) VALUES (NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO my_table (phone) VALUES ('');
上面两条语句有完全不同的意义和结果。第一句表示,向表中插入的记录中的某人的电话号码NULL,意思是还不知道这 条记录中的人的电话号码,而第二句向表中插入''空字符,就意味着已经知道表中这条记录中的人的电话号码,这个电话号码 是'',也可以确定此人没有正常的电话号码。
帮助处理空值NULL的方法,主要通过执行is null运算判断,is not null运算 判断,和IFNULL()函数运算来实现。在SQL中,任何与NULL发生运算关系的结果都不可能为真(即永远是假)。为了寻找NULL值 ,必须执行is null测试运算。
可以在MyISAM, InnoDB, BDB或MEMORY等存储类型的表列中含有空值时添加index,但该 index必须声明成not null,这样之后将不可以往该列中输入空值。
当使用load data infile语句载入数据时,空值NULL将 被替换成''。使用DISTINCT, GROUP BY, 或ORDER BY时所有空值将被视为等同。像COUNT(), MIN(), SUM()等概要总结函数将忽略空值NULL。
但对一些特殊类型的列来说,比如timestamp类型和具有auto_increment属性的列:前者插入NULL是实际将插入当前时间值,向后者插入NULL时将是下个正整数序列。

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.

MySQL is not a programming language, but its query language SQL has the characteristics of a programming language: 1. SQL supports conditional judgment, loops and variable operations; 2. Through stored procedures, triggers and functions, users can perform complex logical operations in the database.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

InnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.


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