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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL如何处理使用swap

MySQL如何避免使用swap 原文: http://www.taobaodba.com/html/552_mysql_avoid_swap.html ? Linux有很多很好的内存、IO调度机制,但是并不会适用于所有场景。对于DBA来说Linux比较让人头疼的一个地方是,它不会因为MySQL 很重要就避免将分配给MySQL的地址空

MySQL如何避免使用swap

原文:

http://www.taobaodba.com/html/552_mysql_avoid_swap.html

?

Linux有很多很好的内存、IO调度机制,但是并不会适用于所有场景。对于DBA来说Linux比较让人头疼的一个地方是,它不会因为MySQL 很重要就避免将分配给MySQL的地址空间映射到swap上。对于频繁进行读写操作的系统而言,数据看似在内存而实际上在磁盘是非常糟糕的,响应时间的增 长很可能直接拖垮整个系统。这篇blog主要讲讲我们作为DBA,怎样尽量避免MySQL惨遭swap的毒手。

首先我们要了解点基础的东西,比如说为什么会产生swap。假设我们的物理内存是16G,swap是4G。如果MySQL本身已经占用了12G物理内存, 而同时其他程序或者系统模块又需要6G内存,这时候操作系统就可能把MySQL所拥有的一部分地址空间映射到swap上去。

cp一个大文件,或用mysqldump导出一个很大的数据库的时候,文件系统往往会向Linux申请大量的内存作为cache,一不小心就会导致L使用swap。这个情景比较常见,以下是最简单的三个调整方法:
1、/proc/sys/vm/swappiness的内容改成0(临时),/etc/sysctl.conf上添加vm.swappiness=0(永久)
这个参数决定了Linux是倾向于使用swap,还是倾向于释放文件系统cache。在内存紧张的情况下,数值越低越倾向于释放文件系统cache。
当然,这个参数只能减少使用swap的概率,并不能避免Linux使用swap。
2、修改MySQL的配置参数innodb_flush_method,开启O_DIRECT模式。
这种情况下,InnoDB的buffer pool会直接绕过文件系统cache来访问磁盘,但是redo log依旧会使用文件系统cache。值得注意的是,Redo log是覆写模式的,即使使用了文件系统的cache,也不会占用太多。
3、添加MySQL的配置参数memlock
这个参数会强迫mysqld进程的地址空间一直被锁定在物理内存上,对于os来说是非常霸道的一个要求。必须要用root帐号来启动MySQL才能生效。

还有一个比较复杂的方法,指定MySQL使用大页内存(Large Page)。Linux上的大页内存是不会被换出物理内存的,和memlock有异曲同工之妙。具体的配置方法可以参 考:http://harrison-fisk.blogspot.com/2009/01/enabling-innodb-large-pages- on-linux.html

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更多参考:http://robbin.iteye.com/blog/461382

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