以下的文章主要向大家推荐的是掌握MySQL SELECT语句的巧妙方法,我们大家都知道MySQL SELECT语句随着MySQL 数据库的广泛应用而变得越来越受人欢迎,以下的文章就是对掌握MySQL SELECT语句的巧妙方法的具体描述。 图解MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)数据库的安装
以下的文章主要向大家推荐的是掌握MySQL SELECT语句的巧妙方法,我们大家都知道MySQL SELECT语句随着MySQL 数据库的广泛应用而变得越来越受人欢迎,以下的文章就是对掌握MySQL SELECT语句的巧妙方法的具体描述。
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本文针对MySQL SELECT语句快速精细掌握。
MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)中SELECT语句的基本语法是:
以下是引用片段:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>SELECT [STRAIGHT_JOIN] [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] </span></span></li> <li><span>[SQL_BIG_RESULT] [HIGH_PRIORITY] </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>[DISTINCT|DISTINCTROW|ALL] </span></li> <li><span>select_list </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>[INTO {OUTFILE|DUMPFILE} 'file_name' export_options] </span></li> <li><span>[FROM table_references [WHERE where_definition] </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>[GROUP BY col_name,...] [HAVING where_definition] </span></li> <li><span>[ORDER BY {unsighed_integer|col_name|formura} [ASC|DESC],...] </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>[LIMIT [offset,] rows] [PROCEDURE procedure_name]] </span></li> </ol>
从这个基本语法可以看出,最简单的SELECT语句是SELECT select_list,实际上利用这个最简单的SELECT语句,你也可以完成许多你期待的功能,首先你能利用它进行MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)所支持的任何运算,例如:SELECT 1+1,它将返回2;其次,你也能利用它给变量赋值,而在PHP中,运用SELECT语句的这种功能,你就可以自由地运用MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)的函数为PHP程序进行各种运算,并赋值给变量。
在很多的时候,你会发现MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)拥有许多比PHP更为功能强大的函数。
STRAIGHT_JOIN、SQL_SMALL_RESULT、SQL_BIG_RESULT、HIGH_PRIORITY是MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)对ANSI SQL92的扩展。如果优化器以非最佳次序联结表,使用STRAIGHT_JOIN可以加快查询。
SQL_SMALL_RESULT和SQL_BIG_RESULT是一组相对的关键词。它们必须与GROUP BY、DISTINCT或DISTINCTROW一起使用。SQL_SMALL_RESULT告知优化器结果会很小,要求MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)使用临时表存储最终的表而不是使用排序;反之,SQL_BIG_RESULT告知优化器结果会很小,要求MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)使用排序而不是做临时表。
HIGH_PRIORITY将赋予MySQL SELECT比一个更新表的语句更高的优先级,使之可以进行一次优先的快速的查询。
以上四个关键词的使用方法的确比较晦涩。幸运的是,在绝大多数情况下,在MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)中我们完全可以选择不使用这四个关键词。
DISTINCT、DISTINCTROW对查询返回的结果集提供了一个最基本但是很有用的过滤。那就是结果集中只含非重复行。在这里要注意的是,对关键词DISTINCT、DISTINCTROW来说,空值都是相等的,无论有多少NULL值,只选择一个。而ALL的用法就有画蛇添足之嫌了。它对结果集的产生没有任何影响。
INTO {OUTFILE|DUMPFILE} 'file_name' export_options,将结果集写入一个文件。文件在服务器主机上被创建,并且不能是已经存在的。语句中的export_options部分的语法与用在LOAD DATAINFILE语句中的FIELDS和LINES子句中的相同,我们将在MySQL(和PHP搭配之最佳组合)进阶_LOAD DATA篇中详细讨论它。而OUTFILE与DUMPFILE的关键字的区别是:后前只写一行到文件,并没有任何列或行结束。
select list:其中可以包含一项或多项下列内容:
1、“*”,表示按照create table的顺序排列的所有列。
2、按照用户所需顺序排列的列名的清单。
3、可以使用别名取代列名,形式如下:column name as column_heading。
4、表达式(列名、常量、函数,或以算术或逐位运算符连接的列名、常量和函数的任何组合)。
5、内部函数或集合函数。
6、上述各项的任何一种组合。
FROM:决定SELECT命令中使用哪些表。一般都要求有此项,除非select_list中不含列名(例如,只有常量、算术表达式等)。如果表项中有多个表,用逗号将之分开。在关键词FROM后面的表的顺序不影响结果。
表名可以给出相关别名,以便使表达清晰。这里的语法是tbl_name [AS] alias_name。例如:
select t1.name,t2.salary from employee as t1,info as t2 where t1.name=t2.name与select t1.name,t2.salary from employee t1,info t2 where t1.name=t2.name是完全等价的。
所有对该表的其他引用,例如在where子句和having子句中,都要用别名,别名不能以数字开头。
where子句设置了搜索条件,它在insert,update,delete语句中的应用方法也与在MySQL select语句中的应用方法完全相同。搜索条件紧跟在关键词where的后面。
如果用户要在语句中使用多个搜索条件,则可用and或or连接。
搜索条件的基本语法是[not] expression comparison_operator expression;[not] expression [not] like “match_string”;[not] expression is [not] null;[not] expression [not] between expression and expression;[not] column_name join_operator column_name;[not] boolean_expression。
and:用来联结两个条件,并在两个条件都是TRUE的时候返回结果。当在同一语句中使用多个逻辑运算符时,and运算符总是最优先,除非用户用括号改变了运算顺序。
or:用来联结两个条件,当两个条件中有任一条件是TRUE的时候返回结果。当在同一语句中使用多个逻辑运算符时,运算符or通常在运算符and之后进行运算。当然用户可以使用括号改变运算的顺序。
between:用来标识范围下限的关键词,and后面跟范围上限的值。范围where @val between x and y包含首尾值。如果between后面指定的第一个值大于第二个值,则该查询不返回任何行。
column_name:在比较中使用的列名。在会产生歧义时,一定要指明列所在的表名。
comparison_operator:比较运算符。见下表:
以下是引用片段:
符号 意义
= 等于
> 大于
>= 大于等于
!= 不等于
不等于
在比较char,varchar型数据时,“”代表更接近字母表尾部。一般来说,小写字母大于大写字母,大写字母大于数字,但是这可能依赖于服务器上操作系统的比较顺序。
在比较时,末尾的空格是被忽略的。例如,“Dirk”等于“Dirk ”。
在比较日期时,“”表示晚于。
在使用比较运算符比较character和datetime数据时,需用引号将所有数据引起来。
expression:可能是列名、常数、函数或者是列名或常数的任意组合,以及以算术运算符或逐位运算符连接的函数。算术运算符如下表所示:
以下是引用片段:
符号 意义
+ 加号
- 减号
* 乘号
/ 除号
以上的相关内容就是对快速掌握MySQL SELECT语句的介绍,望你能有所收获。

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