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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialHadoop权威指南学习笔记三

Hadoop权威指南学习笔记三

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:12 PM
hadoophdfsstatementstudyguidenotesIntroduction

HDFS简介 声明:本文是本人基于Hadoop权威指南学习的一些个人理解和笔记,仅供学习参考,有什么不到之处还望指出,一起学习一起进步。 Hadoop说白了就是一个提供了处理分析大数据的文件集群,其中最重要的无疑是HDFS(Hadoop Distributed File System)即Had

HDFS简介

 

声明:本文是本人基于Hadoop权威指南学习的一些个人理解和笔记,仅供学习参考,有什么不到之处还望指出,一起学习一起进步。

Hadoop说白了就是一个提供了处理分析大数据的文件集群,其中最重要的无疑是HDFS(Hadoop Distributed File System)即Hadoop分布式文件系统。

 

1、

HDFS是一种以流式数据访问模式(一次写入多次读取的模式)存储超大文件的系统。其不需要的高端的硬件系统,普通市面上的硬件就能满足要求。

目前不适合应用HDFS的有:低延迟的数据访问、大量小的文件、多用户写入任意修改文件等。

2、

HDFS存储以块为单位,通常块大小为64M。之所以要分为这么大的块,主要是为了减少寻址时间,因为目前来看,数据传输速率越来越快,对于HDFS处理大数据时,如果频繁的寻址必然会使得运行时间变长。

HDFS集群有两种节点名称节点和多个数据节点。其中名称节点充当管理者,数据节点充当工作者。名称节点相当于HDFS文件树上的枝干分叉点,而数据节点则标注着所有块的存储信息。所以名称节点的丢失就意味着HDFS的瘫痪。因此Hadoop提供了两种机制解决这一问题:

一种是复制组成文件系统元数据的持久状态文件。即在本地磁盘写入的同时也写入一个远程NFS挂载。

另一种是设置一个二级名称节点。

3、

HDFS提供命令行接口的交互。

4、

Hadoop是一个抽象的文件系统概念,HDFS是其中的一个具体实现,java抽象类org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem展示了Hadoop的一个文件系统,而且有几个具体实现。

\

\

 

 

如上图所示,Hadoop提供了许多文件的接口,通常是通过URL来确定使用何种文件系统实现交互。

5、

Hadoop是java实现的所以,java接口无疑是其中重中之重,下面是java接口的一些具体实现。

(1) 数据读取:

 

使用URL读取数据

Java识别Hadoop文件系统的URL方案,就是通过一个FsUrlStreamHandlerFactory实例来调用在URL中的setURLStreamHandlerFactory方法。

注意:这种方法在java虚拟机中只能被调用一次,所以通常设置为static,也因此如果程序其他部件(可能不是在你控制的第三方部件)设置了一个URLStreamHandlerFactory,那么久再也不能从Hadoop读取数据。

 

代码:

\

 

输入运行:

% hadoop URLCat hdfs://localhost/user/tom/test.txt

结果:

Hello world Hello world

Hello world

Hello world Hell【本文来自鸿网互联 (http://www.68idc.cn)】o world

 

使用FileSystem API读取数据

直接看代码吧,注意看注释

 

 

(2) 数据写入

FileSystem类有一系列创建文件的方法。

public FSDataOutputStream create(Pathf) throws IOException

用create创建文件是可用exists()判断其父目录是否存在。

还有一个用于传递回调接口的重载方法 Progressable,如此一来,我们所写的应用就会被告知数据写入数据节点的进度。

package org.apache.hadoop.util;

public interface Progressable{

publicvoid progress();

}

创建文件的还可以用如下方法:

Public FSDataOutputStream append(Pathf) throws IOException

此方法允许在打开文件的末尾追加数据。

 

(3) 目录

FileSystem题目了创建目录的方法:

public Boolean mkdirs(Path f) thorwsIOException

(4) 查询文件系统

FileStatus类封装了文件系统中文件和目录的元数据,包括文件长度、块大小、副本、修改时间、所有者以及许可信息。

FileSystem的getFileStatus()提供了获取一个文件或目录的状态对象方法。

如果只是判断一个文件是否存在,则可以使用前文提到的exists(Path f)方法。

 

Hadoop有时要查询批量文件时通常要用到通配符,所以它为执行通配符提供了

Hadoop支持与Unix bash相同的通配符两个FileSystem方法:

public FileStatus[] globStatus (PathpathPattern) throws IOException

public FileStatus[] globStatus (Path pathPattern,PathFileter filter)throws IOException

通配符:

\

 

(5) 删除数据

FileSystem中的delete()方法可以永久删除目录。

public Boolean delete(Path f,Boolean recursive) throwsIOException

 

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