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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial【MongoDB】MongoDB之七大实现技巧

技巧一、使用正确的类型 用正确的类型存放数据大有裨益。数据类型影响数据的查询方式、数据存放顺序和以及占用多少空间。 数字:做为数字使用的字段就用数字存储。也就是做计算或按照大小排序的字段数据库会自动转换溢出的(比如由于$inc操作导致的溢出) 32

技巧一、使用正确的类型

用正确的类型存放数据大有裨益。数据类型影响数据的查询方式、数据存放顺序和以及占用多少空间。
数字:做为数字使用的字段就用数字存储。也就是做计算或按照大小排序的字段 数据库会自动转换溢出的(比如由于$inc操作导致的溢出) 32位浮点数,将其变为64位整数。
日期:一班的用yyy-mm-dd形式的字符串就可以,如果date类型就会总会匹配到毫秒级别
objectId就要作为objectId存储,千万不要存成字符串。这点非常重要,原因是方便查询 二是objectd中含有用的信息,绝大多数驱动都是从有方法中获得文档的创建日期。 第三objectId表示要多占两陪的磁盘空间。

技巧二、用简单唯一的id替代_id

要是数据库没用唯一的字段,那么就用默认的objetId来做_id。但是若是数据本身就有唯一的字段,并且不需要objectId的功能,那么就用自己唯一的之覆盖默认的id就好了。

技巧三、不要用文档做_id

除了不可避免的情况(mapreduce的输出),通常都不应该将文档作为_id。问题在于索引一个文档中的字段和索引文档完全不一样。如果没有每次查询每个子文档的计划,最后会有多个索引。

技巧四、不要用数据库引用

数据库引用一般形式是:{$id:主键,$ref:collectionName}(也可以有可选的$db字段,表示数据库)。若被引用的文档集合是确定的,不妨只用_id引用,这样就同时比用Id和集合名要节省空间。 如果知道要引用的集合,数据库引用就显得浪费空间。

技巧五、不要用GridFS处理小的二进制数据

GridFS需要查询两次,一次获取文件的元信息,另一次获取内容,所以如果用GridFS存储小文件,会使应用查询次数加倍。从根本上说,GridFS是用来将大的二进制对象切成小片存在数据库中。

技巧六、处理“无缝”故障切换

假设发送给服务器一个请求,得到了网络错误,这时驱动有很多选择。若驱动知道有另一台服务器是否自动对其发送请求?要是驱动发送原请求后发生网络故障,或者在服务端响应时候发送故障怎么办?数据库可能已经处理了请求,就不必再次发送。

技巧七、处理复制组失效以及故障恢复

可能出现的情况: 应用抛出异常“not master”异常可能原因:1 . 复制组正在进行故障恢复 2, 网络状况不好,无法链接诶主节点。3.应用链接节点有问题,无法降级为只读节点。





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