Learn Nodejs from me (2)-Node.js event module

events is the most important module of node.js. The events module only provides one object events.EventEmitter. The core of EventEmitter is the event Emissions and event listeners.

Most modules in Node.js inherit from the Event module.

Unlike events on the DOM tree, there is no behavior such as event bubbling or layer-by-layer capture.

EventEmitter supports several event listeners. When an event is emitted, the event listeners registered to this event are called in turn, and the event parameters are passed as callback function parameters.

How to access:

The code is as follows:

require('events');

emitter.on(event, listener)

The code is as follows:

/*
    调用events模块，获取events.EventEmitter对象
*/
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
/*
    EventEmitter.on(event, listener) 为事件注册一个监听
    参数1：event  字符串，事件名
    参数2：回调函数
*/
ee.on('some_events', function(foo, bar) {
    console.log("第1个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
});
console.log('第一轮');
ee.emit('some_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
console.log('第二轮');
ee.emit('some_events', 'Wilson', 'Z');
EventEmitter.on(event, listener) 示例源码

emitter.emit(event, [arg1], [arg2], [...])

The code is as follows:

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
ee.on('some_events', function(foo, bar) {         
    console.log("第1个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
});
/*
    EventEmitter.emit(event, [arg1], [arg2], [...])   触发指定事件
    参数1：event  字符串，事件名
    参数2：可选参数，按顺序传入回调函数的参数
    返回值：该事件是否有监听
*/
var isSuccess = ee.emit('some_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
ee.on('some_events', function(foo, bar) {         
    console.log("第2个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
});
ee.emit('some_events', 'zhong', 'wei');
var isSuccess2 = ee.emit('other_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
console.log(isSuccess);
console.log(isSuccess2);
emitter.emit(event, [arg1], [arg2], [...]) 示例源码

The example performs three trigger event operations, in which some_events is registered for monitoring, and the emit function will return true when called, while other_events does not If there is no registered listener, the emit function will return false, indicating that the event is not monitored; of course, you can ignore this return value!

emitter.once(event, listener)

The code is as follows:

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
/*
    EventEmitter.once(event, listener)  为事件注册一次性监听，触发一次后移除监听
    参数1：event  字符串，事件名
    参数2：回调函数
*/
ee.once('some_events', function(foo, bar) {
    console.log("第1个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
});
console.log('第一轮');
ee.emit('some_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
console.log('第二轮');
var isSuccess =  ee.emit('some_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
console.log(isSuccess);
emitter.once(event, listener) 示例源码

As can be seen from the execution results of the above example code , after using emitter.once to register a listener for some_events, call emitter.emit trigger in two rounds, and the second round will return false; this means that registering a monitor with emitter.once is slightly different from registering a monitor with emitter.on mentioned above.

emitter.once registered monitoring is a one-time monitoring. When triggered once, the monitoring will be removed! Of course, it’s more obvious from the name^_^!

emitter.removeListener(event, listener)

Let’s first look at a failure scenario~~ ~

The code is as follows:

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
ee.on('some_events', function(foo, bar) {
    console.log("第1个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
});
/*
    看到API中removeListener移除方法时，以为应该是这样
    但是结果^_^!!!!!
*/
ee.removeListener('some_events', function(){
    console.log('成功移除事件some_events监听!');        
});
console.log('第一轮');
ee.emit('some_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
emitter.removeListener(event, listener) 示例失败场景源码

When I use emitter.on to register a listener for some_events , I used emiiter.removeListener to remove the listening of some_events, and then called emitter.emit to trigger it. Finally, I found that it was not going as I imagined! Why?

I take it for granted that the second parameter of emiiter.removeListener is a callback function. The API still needs to be read carefully! ! !

Let’s look at another successful scene~~~

代码如下:

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
var listener = function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("第1个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
}
var listener2= function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("第2个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
}
var listener3= function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("第3个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
}
ee.on('some_events', listener);
ee.on('some_events', listener2);
ee.on('some_events', listener3);
/*
    EventEmitter.removeListener(event, listener)  移除指定事件的监听器
    注意：该监听器必须是注册过的
    PS：上一个例子之后以会失败，很大原因就是忽略了监听器，理所当然的认为传个事件名就OK了，所以就悲剧了!
*/
ee.removeListener('some_events', listener);
ee.removeListener('some_events', listener3);
ee.emit('some_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
emitter.removeListener(event, listener) 示例成功场景源码

    我用示例中写法，给some_events添加了三个监听，又移除了第一个和第三个监听，最后再用emitter.emit触发some_events，输出结果不难发现，用emitter.removeListener移除的第一个和第三个监听都没有再起作用，

    想当然是害人地，原来emitter.removeListener的第二个参数是要移除的监听，而非移除成功后的回调函数……^_^!

emitter.removeAllListeners([event])

emitter.removeListener用过了，但一个事件可以有多个监听，需要全部移除时，一个个移除明显不是愉快的做法，不符合偷懒的天性！

让我们来体验一下emitter.removeAllListeners带来的便捷!

 代码如下:

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
var listener = function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("第1个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
}
var listener2= function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("第2个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
}
ee.on('some_events', listener);
ee.on('some_events', listener2);
ee.on('other_events',function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("其它监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
});
/*
    EventEmitter.removeAllListeners([event])   移除（批定事件）所有监听器
    参数1：可选参数，event  字符串，事件名
*/
ee.removeAllListeners('some_events');
ee.emit('some_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
ee.emit('other_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
emitter.removeAllListeners 传入事件名参数示例源码

    看看上面的执行结果，你会发现给some_events注册了两个监听；给other_events注册了一个监听；我调用emitter.removeAllListeners传了some_events事件名；

    最后使用emitter.on函数触发some_events和other_events两个事件，最后发现some_events注册的两个监听都不存在，而other_events注册的监听还存在；

    这表示当 emitter.removeAllListeners传用事件名作为参数时，为移除传入事件名的所有监听，而不会影响其它事件监听！

emitter.removeAllListeners可以不传用事件名参数；直接执行

代码如下:

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
var listener = function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("第1个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
}
var listener2= function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("第2个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
}
ee.on('some_events', listener);
ee.on('some_events', listener2);
ee.on('other_events',function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("其它监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
});
/*
    EventEmitter.removeAllListeners([event])   移除（批定事件）所有监听器
    参数1：可选参数，event  字符串，事件名
*/
ee.removeAllListeners();
ee.emit('some_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
ee.emit('other_events', 'Wilson', 'Zhong');
emitter.removeAllListeners 不传参数示例源码

    示例代码和传入参数时几乎一样，只是在调用emitter.removeAllListeners并没有传入指定事件名；

    运行结果会发现some_events和other_events所有监听都不存在了，它会移除所有监听！（比较暴力的方法一般要慎用~~）

emitter.listeners(event)

代码如下:

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
var listener = function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("第1个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
}
var listener2= function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("第2个监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
}
ee.on('some_events', listener);
ee.on('some_events', listener2);
ee.on('other_events',function(foo,bar)
{
    console.log("其它监听事件,参数foo=" + foo + ",bar="+bar );
});
/*
    EventEmitter.listeners(event)   //返回指定事件的监听数组
    参数1：event  字符串，事件名    
*/
var listenerEventsArr = ee.listeners('some_events');
console.log(listenerEventsArr.length)
for (var i = listenerEventsArr.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    console.log(listenerEventsArr[i]); 
};
emitter.listeners(event) 示例源码

    给some_events注册两个监听，调用emitter.listeners函数，传入some_events事件名，接收函数返回值；

    从结果可以看出，返回值接收到some_events所有注册监听的集合！

emitter.setMaxListeners(n)

 一个事件可以添加多个监听是没错，但Nodejs默认最大值是多少呢？

代码如下:

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
/*
     给EventEmitter 添加11个监听
*/
for (var i = 10; i >= 0; i--) {
    ee.on('some_events',function()
    {
        console.log('第'+ (i +1) +'个监听');
    });
};

添加N个监听示例源码

上面示例中我用个循环给some_events添加11个监听，执行代码，发现warning信息出现，并且提示的比较详细了，需要用emitter.setMaxListeners()去提升限值

 代码如下:

var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter;   
var ee = new EventEmitter();
/*
    EventEmitter.setMaxListeners (n)   给EventEmitter设置最大监听
    参数1： n 数字类型，最大监听数
    超过10个监听时，不设置EventEmitter的最大监听数会提示：
    (node) warning: possible EventEmitter memory leak detected. 11 listeners added.
     Use emitter.setMaxListeners() to increase limit.
    设计者认为侦听器太多，可能导致内存泄漏，所以存在这样一个警告
*/
ee.setMaxListeners(15);
/*
     给EventEmitter 添加11个监听
*/
for (var i = 10; i >= 0; i--) {
    ee.on('some_events',function()
    {
        console.log('第'+ (i +1) +'个监听');
    });
};
emitter.setMaxListeners 示例源码

    当我调用emitter.setMaxListeners传入15时，执行代码，warning信息不再出现；

    emitter.setMaxListeners的作用是给EventEmitter设置最大监听数，感觉一般是不需要设置这个值，10个还不够用的情况应该是比较少了！

    设计者认为侦听器太多会导致内存泄漏，所有就给出了一个警告！

其它...

 用的比较少的就不详细说了

EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners

    EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners功能与setMaxListeners类似，
    给所有EventEmitter设置最大监听
    setMaxListeners优先级大于defaultMaxListeners

EventEmitter.listenerCount(emitter, event)

    返回指定事件的监听数

 特殊的事件Error

    引用自Node.js开发指南：EventEmitter 定义了一个特殊的事件 error，它包含了“错误”的语义，我们在遇到 异常的时候通常会发射 error 事件。当 error 被发射时，EventEmitter 规定如果没有响 应的监听器，Node.js 会把它当作异常，退出程序并打印调用栈。我们一般要为会发射 error 事件的对象设置监听器，避免遇到错误后整个程序崩溃。

事件的继承

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