从本节开始正式介绍各种SQL语句。本节介绍有关数据库级的SQL以及相关操作,查看、建立和删除等操作。 用SHOW显示已有的数据库 句法:SHOW DATABASES [LIKE wild] 如果使用LIKE wild部分,wild字符串可以是一个使用SQL的“%”和“_”通配符的字符串。 功能:S
从本节开始正式介绍各种SQL语句。本节介绍有关数据库级的SQL以及相关操作,查看、建立和删除等操作。
用SHOW显示已有的数据库
句法:SHOW DATABASES [LIKE wild]
如果使用LIKE wild部分,wild字符串可以是一个使用SQL的“%”和“_”通配符的字符串。
功能:SHOW DATABASES列出在MySQL服务器主机上的数据库。
你可以尝试下面举例,观察输出结果,例如:
mysql>show databases;
+----------+
| Database |
+----------+
| first |
| mysql |
| mytest |
| test |
| test1 |
+----------+
mysql>show databases like ‘my%’;
+----------------+
| Database (my%) |
+----------------+
| mysql |
| mytest |
+----------------+
用mysqlshow程序也可以得到已有数据库列表。
用Create Dabase 创建数据库
句法:CREATE DATABASE db_name
功能:CREATE DATABASE用给定的名字创建一个数据库。
如果数据库已经存在,发生一个错误。
在MySQL中的数据库实现成包含对应数据库中表的文件的目录。因为数据库在初始创建时没有任何表,CREATE DATABASE语句只是在MySQL数据目录下面创建一个目录。
例如:
mysql>create database myfirst;
然后利用show databases观察效果。
用DROP DATABASE删除数据库
句法:DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] db_name
功能:DROP DATABASE删除数据库中的所有表和数据库。要小心地使用这个命令!
DROP DATABASE返回从数据库目录被删除的文件的数目。通常,这3倍于表的数量,因为每张表对应于一个“.MYD”文件、一个“.MYI”文件和一个“.frm”文件。
在MySQL 3.22或以后版本中,你可以使用关键词IF EXISTS阻止一个错误的发生,如果数据库不存在。
使用mysqladmin工具创建和删除
在命令行环境下可以使用mysqladmin创建和删除数据库。
创建数据库:
shell> mysqladmin create db_name
删除数据库:
shell> mysqladmin drop db_name
如果出现下面的错误:
mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed error: 'Access denied for user: 'root@localhost' (Using password: YES)' |
表示你需要一个可以正常连接的用户,请指定-u -p选项,具体方法与3.2节介绍相同,在第七章中你将会学到用户授权的知识。
直接在数据库目录中创建或删除
用上述方法创建数据库,只是MySQL数据目录下面创建一个与数据库同名目录,同样删除数据库是把这个目录删除。
所以,你可以直接这么做,创建或删除数据库,或者给数据库更名。这对备份和恢复备份有一定意义。
用USE选用数据库
句法:USE db_name
USE db_name语句告诉MySQL使用db_name数据库作为随后的查询的缺省数据库。数据库保持到会话结束,或发出另外一个USE语句:
mysql> USE db1; mysql> SELECT count(*) FROM mytable; # selects from db1.mytable mysql> USE db2; mysql> SELECT count(*) FROM mytable; # selects from db2.mytable |
如果你不是用USE语句,那么上面的例子应该写成:
mysql> SELECT count(*) FROM db1.mytable; mysql> SELECT count(*) FROM db2.mytable; |
由于use也是一个mysql客户程序的命令,所以你可以在命令行最后不加分号,客户程序可以得到结果。
总结
本节介绍了有关数据库操作的SQL语句、实用程序,其中包括:
SQL语句:CREATE/DROP DATABASE,SHOW DATABASES,USE
程序mysqladmin
直接创建或删除数据库的目录

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Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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